Negotiated Formal Agreements and International Relations

许多西方国际关系观察家认为， 主要的根本问题仍然是建立和管理 国与国之间的关系。 相当程度的 关系的有序性是相互规范的必要条件 有益的经济和文化交流， 避免相互破坏的暴力冲突。 捍卫 因此，逐步发展现有秩序被视为 这是负责任的治国之道的首要目标 来解释不完整的国际秩序是如何持续和变化的 是一个突出和活跃的国际子领域的焦点， 这就是所谓的制度理论。 一个政权是一组更多或 不太相互承认的规则-包括原则、规范 和决策程序以及国际 协定 符合规则的国际行为 在某些情况下， 未来，并导致国家安全的共同承诺。 该项目在两个方面进行了方法学扩展 方向，通过开发利用文本来源的方法， 构建分析数据库的计算方法， 规则源自适当的文本。 第一，正式文本 谈判达成的协议，特别是反弹道导弹协议， 1972年的条约和《消除核武器中间体条约》 1987年签署的中程和短程导弹条约（INF条约）， 作为来源材料，用于推导和解释 规则，如果遵守，则会约束后续的交互 在美国和苏联之间。 这些协议 因为它们包含了详细的定量信息， 限制和广泛的限制性原则，因为它们创造了 建立新的论坛，共同管理其执行工作。 第二、 这些规则是用计算机可以 理解并组织成正式的数据库，类似于 一种数字电子表格，但不包含数字，而是陈述 允许和禁止。 最后，计算逻辑 语言被应用于向数据库提出关于 哪些活动符合规则集，哪些活动违反规则集。 目的是发展建立数据库的方法 从文本材料的规则，以证明如何国际 行为可能与遵守规则或违反规则有关， 从而建立概念和方法基础， 对建立新制度的可能性进行后续实证分析 超级大国安全关系的重要领域。

Many Western observers of international relations believe that a major underlying problem remains the creation and management of orderly relations among states. A substantial degree of orderliness in relations is required for regularizing mutually beneficial economic and cultural exchange and for assuring the avoidance of mutually destructive violent conflicts. Defending and incrementally developing an existing order is thus seen to be a prime objective for responsible statecraft. To explain how incomplete international orders endure and change is the focus of a prominent and active subfield of international organization, called regime theory. A regime is a set of more or less mutually acknowledged rules - - including principles, norms and decision-making procedures as well as international agreements. International behavior in conformance with the rules can in some circumstances produce convergent expectations about the future and lead to shared recognitions of national security. This project undertakes methodological extension in two directions, by developing ways to utilize textual sources, and by constructing computational methods for analyzing data bases of rules derived from appropriate texts. First, the texts of formal negotiated agreements -- specifically the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty of 1972 and the treaty on the elimination of intermediate- range and shorter-range missiles (INF Treaty) of 1987 - - are used as source materials for the derivation and explication of rules which, if adhered to, constrain subsequent interactions between the United States and the Soviet Union. These agreements are selected because they contain both detailed quantitative limits and broad restrictive principles, and because they create new forums for joint management of their implementation. Second, the rules are expressed in a language which a computer can understand and are organized into a formal data base, similar to a numerical spreadsheet but containing not numbers but statements of permission and prohibition. Finally, a computational logic language is applied to pose questions to the data base concerning which activities conform and which violate the rule sets. The objective is to develop methods for constructing a data base of rules from textual materials, to demonstrate how international behavior can be related to rule-compliance or rule-violation, and thus to establish conceptual and methodological foundations for follow-on empirical analysis of regime possibilities in the very important area of superpower security relations.