Harappan Exploitation Practices: A Comparative Regional Study

哈拉帕文明的历史可以追溯到大约2500年至 公元前2000年集中在印度河流域 因此，包括印度西北部的部分地区和邻近的 巴基斯坦 哈拉帕遗址包括大型城市中心， 文化标志着印度真正文明的出现。 虽然文明的出现在1980年被广泛研究， 在中东和埃及，人们对此知之甚少。 东方同行 在这项研究中，理查德·梅多博士将 分析从八个挖掘中收集到的动物群材料， 哈拉帕遗址。 这些被猎杀和驯养的 动物将被识别到物种水平。 通过牙科 Meadow医生还将确定死亡年龄。 检查骨断裂和碎片分布将允许 他来确定扑杀，屠宰，和分布模式。 有了这些数据，他将解决一些主要问题。 1997年和1998年在这些地点进行的动物开发活动的性质是什么？ 大印度河流域， 哈拉帕现象 动物剥削是 与哈拉帕时期不同的前哈拉帕时期 它在哈拉帕时期发生了变化吗 是新 引入该地区的家畜？ 动物 当代的剥削做法与当代的剥削做法有很大不同。 网站？ 如果有，这些差异是否与地点有关 尺寸、结构和功能？ 是否存在模式差异 从不同地区发现的动物遗骸的性质 网站？ 如果是，它们是否可以被解释为与 不同群体对动物资源的不同获取 人口？ 这项研究很重要，因为对动物群的研究 采购和分销系统提供了一个直接和 对早期文明如何运作的重要见解。 通过这项研究，梅多博士将了解 这导致了早期的城市现象， 然后导致了它的衰落 结果应具有普遍性 世界上许多地方的其他这样的社会。

The Harappan civilization, which dates from approximately 2500 to 2000 B.C., is centered on the riverine region of the Indus Valley and thus, encompasses portions of northwestern India and adjacent Pakistan. Harappan sites include large urban centers and this culture marks the appearance of true civilization in India. While the emergence of civilization has been widely studied in the Middle East and Egypt, relatively little is known about this Eastern counterpart. In this research, Dr. Richard Meadow will analyze faunal materials collected from the excavation of eight Harappan sites. These remains of both hunted and domesticated animals will be identified to the species level. Through dental analysis Dr. Meadow will also determine ages of death. Examination of bone breakage and fragment distribution will allow him to determine culling, butchering, and distribution patterns. With these data he will address a number of major questions. What was the nature of faunal exploitation practices at sites in the Greater Indus Valley leading up to and during the period of the Harappan phenomenon? Was animal exploitation in the immediate pre-Harappan period different from that in the Harappan and did it change in the course of the Harappan period? Were new domestic animals introduced into the region? Did animal exploitation practices differ significantly between contemporary sites? If they did, are the differences correlated with site size, structure, and function? Are there patterned differences in the nature of faunal remains recovered from different sectors of sites? If so, can they be interpreted as relating to differential access to animal resources by different segments of the population? This research is important because a study of the faunal procurement and distribution system provides a direct and important insight into how this early civilization functioned. Through this research Dr. Meadow will learn about the forces which gave rise to this early urban phenomena, which sustained it and then led to its decline. The results should be generalizable to other such societies in many parts of the world.