A Model Program for Retraining Elementary and Middle School Teachers to Use Computers Effectively in the Classroom

该项目的主要目标是在三年的时间里为50名中小学教师提供五门研究生水平的计算机课程，以建立坚实的计算机知识基础；并运用教学结构，使教师成为各自学校和地区的计算机专家。主要研究人员开发了一个模型，对k-9年级的教师进行再培训。本建议的一个方面是探索该模型的有效性。除了内容和方法课程外，该模式还包括为中小学校长举办的研讨会；为家庭和学校协会主席举办研讨会；建立教师网络，交流和传播思想和资料；设计评估标准、评估工具和问卷，以获取形成性数据；评估天资、态度和以前的经验在多大程度上可以作为表现的预测因素。该程序的主要编程语言是Logo和BASIC。这项工作是天普大学计算机科学系和教育心理学系与费城学区密切合作的成果。该项目的参与者是从费城学区选出的小学和中学教师。一份通知被发送到费城的每一所学校，告知如何申请。教师的选择是基于他们使用计算机的动机，他们完成课程后的专业计划，特别是他们如何将课程的成果应用到他们的学校作为资源教师。提供的课程分为五类：应用程序和如何使用它们；介绍如何用Logo解决问题；解决高级Logo问题；使用结构化BASIC解决问题；软件评估和有效使用计算机进行教学。这些课程将按照模型的要求在项目的3年内分发。天普大学提供了相当大的费用分摊。理大已为该项目拨款216,740元。根据美国国家科学基金会（NSF） 357,042美元的要求，该大学的费率为216,740/357,042，或超过NSF要求金额的60%。

The main goals of the project are to provide, over a three year period to fifty elementary and middle school teachers, five graduate level computer courses to establish a firm base of computer knowledge; and to apply the didactical structures to enable the teachers to become computer specialists in their respective schools and districts. A model has been developed by the principal investigators to retrain teachers at the grade levels k-9. An aspect of this proposal is to explore the efficacy of the model. The model includes, in addition to the content and methodology courses, seminars for elementary and middle school principals; seminars for the presidents of the home and school associations; establishment of a teacher network for the exchange and dissemination of ideas and materials; designing assessment criteria, evaluation instruments, and questionnaires for acquiring formative data; and assessing the extent to which aptitude, attitude, and previous experience are useful as predictors of performance. The main programming languages integral to the program are Logo and BASIC. The work is a cooperative effort by the departments of computer science and educational Psychology at Temple University in close collaboration with Philadelphia School District. Participants for this project are teachers at the elementary and middle school levels selected from the School District of Philadelphia. An announcement is sent to each of the schools in Philadelphia with information on how to apply. Teachers are selected based upon their motivation to work with computers, their professional plans when they finish the program especially how they might apply the results of the program to their schools as resource teachers. The courses offered fall into five categories: Application programs and how to use them; Introduction to problem solving with Logo; Problem solving with advanced Logo; Problem solving using structured BASIC; and Software evaluation and effective uses of computers for teaching. These courses are to be distributed over the 3 years of the project as the model dictates. There is a considerable cost sharing provided by Temple University. The University has committed $216,740 to the project. At a request from National Science Foundation (NSF) of $357,042, the University's rate is 216,740/357,042 or over 60% of the amount requested from NSF.