Nonequilibrium Phase Transitions in Heterogeneous Catalysis

催化在许多商业上重要的化学反应中起着至关重要的作用，也是大多数生化反应中的重要元素。这项资助的重点是流动条件下的多相催化模型，因为它们提供了一个非平衡系统的范例，可以展示稳态、宏观振荡甚至混沌行为之间的相变。一个目的是了解空间相关性和涨落对处于非平衡稳态的系统的动态和静态性质的影响，特别是在非平衡相变附近。将对多相催化模型进行研究，这些模型显示了稳态之间的连续和不连续的转变。这些研究将通过数值模拟和有限尺寸尺度分析来完成。还将对主方程进行数值重整化群分析。这些方法将被用来研究系统中的相关性和噪声的影响，这些系统表现出向时间相关的周期和混沌行为的转变。

Catalysis plays an essential role in many commercially important chemical reactions and is also an important element in most biochemical reactions. The focus of this grant is on models for heterogeneous catalysis under flow conditions, as they provide a paradigm of a nonequilibrium system which can exhibit phase transitions between steady states, macroscopic oscillations and even chaotic behavior. An objective is to understand the effects of spatial correlations and fluctuations on the dynamic and static properties of a system in a nonequilibrium steady state, particularly near a nonequilibrium phase transition. Research will be conducted on models for heterogeneous catalysis which exhibit both continuous and discontinuous transitions between steady states. These studies will be done using numerical simulation and by finite size scaling analysis. A numerical renormalization group analysis of the master equation will also be developed. These methods will be applied to study the effects of correlations and noise in systems that show transitions to time-dependent periodic and chaotic behavior.