Further Studies of Disturbance Reproductive Effort, and Succession Across a Depth Gradient in a Southern California Kelp Forest

这一持续的研究计划包括六个主题：1)对三种海带的几个尺度的干扰的20年展望，将继续在五个地区进行长期的人口学研究；2)稀疏实验，寻找不同地区林下持续所需的阈值；3)评价种内和种间密度对海带生长、繁殖、补充和存活的影响；4)在存在强烈竞争优势的情况下，对海带的基本生态位和已实现的生态位进行实验评价；5)根据演替理论，对长岸和跨岸梯度的影响，特别是光和温度的影响。研究人员还使用外植来评估四种相对稀有的海带的一些适应策略，这些海带的生活史非常不同。在大多数实验中，他们将在四个深度和不同密度的孢子体模块的每一个上使用三重清除，以评估生长、繁殖、补充和存活的时间和强度的区域和密度阈值。

This continuing research program includes six topics: 1) a 20-year perspective of several scales of disturbance on three species of kelp that will be continued with long term demographic studies in five areas; 2) thinning experiments searching for thresholds necessary for understory persistence in different regions; 3) evaluation of intra- and interspecific density effect on kelp growth, reproduction, recruitment, and survivorship; 4) an experimental evaluation of fundamental vs. realized niches of kelps in the presence of a strong competitive dominant, and 5) the effects of long shore and cross shore gradients, especially light and temperature with regard to succession theory. The investigators are also (6) using outplants to evaluate some adaptive tactics of four species of relatively rare kelps that have very different life histories. For most of the experiments they will use triplicated clearings at each of four depths and modules with different densities of sporophytes to evaluate regional and density thresholds on growth, time and intensity of reproduction, recruitment, and survivorship.