Agencies of Change: The National Science Foundation and Federal Patronage of Biology (History and Philosopy of Science): VPW

研究人员正在完成一本关于国家科学的书， 生物科学的基础和联邦赞助 1945年至1975年期间，被视为一个案例研究， 对科学和公共政策更广泛主题的阐释。 现有的研究是一个很好的机构历史，表明， 个人的决定以及机构的动态， 塑造了NSF在多元化系统中对生物学的赞助， 联邦对科学的支持。 修改手稿， 它会成为科学史上的一部重要著作 使用NSF以外的来源的替代观点需要 将被合并。 需要调查的问题包括： 基础研究和应用研究之间的紧张关系， 支持基础生物学的战略 多元联邦供资机构体系的背景; 与国立卫生研究院的竞争;精英主义与 支持科学基础设施;以及 "联邦"科学管理人员。"由于过去专注于代理 通过最近生物学史上的新研究， 在科学和教育政策史上， 调查人员将纳入更广泛观点。 生物学的四个领域，每个领域都有不同的联邦模式 支持，以解决关键问题， 生物学思想和机构的发展 与联邦赞助模式有关，即：（1） 分子生物学革命;（2）光合作用;（3） 系统生物学;（4）生态学。 这一努力是为了改变一个严重依赖于 机构记录纳入案例研究， 科学和公共政策的更广泛的主题。 因此在 试图将该机构的历史与 生物学，问题是NSF对生物学的影响有什么不同， 生物科学将得到重视。 该项目进一步 VPW方案的目标是为妇女提供机会， 通过以下方式推进他们在科学或工程领域的职业生涯： 研究，并鼓励其他妇女追求事业， 这些领域通过调查人员的提高能见度， 学校里的榜样 本工程 有助于实现第二个目标的拟议活动 包括：讲授妇女与科学、社会 美国科学史和医学史; 举办研讨会;组织妇女与科学专题讨论会 与妇女研究方案结合;制定一项 在佛罗里达举办的早期女科学家展览;以及咨询 女学生。

The investigator is completing a book on the National Science Foundation and federal patronage of the biological sciences in the period of 1945-1975, viewed as a case study for the illumination of broader themes on science and public policy. The existing study is a good agency history, showing that individual decisions as well as institutional dynamics have shaped NSF patronage of biology in a pluralistic system of federal support of science. To reshape the manuscript so that it can become a significant work in the history of science, alternative points of view using sources other than NSF need to be incorporated. Among the issues to be investigated are: tensions between basic and applied research and between biology and medicine; strategies of supporting basic biology in the context of a pluralistic system of federal funding agencies; competition with National Institutes of Health; elitism versus support of the infrastructure of science; and the role of federal "science managers." With past concentration on agency records, through new research in the recent history of biology and in the history of science and education policy, the investigator will incorporate a broader range of perspectives. Four areas of biology, each with different patterns of federal support, will be examined in order to address the key issue of how the development of biological ideas and institutions relates to patterns of federal patronage, namely: (1) the revolution in molecular biology; (2) photosynthesis; (3) systematic biology; and (4) ecology. This effort is to transform a narrative heavily based on institutional records into a case study for illumination of broader themes of science and public policy. Thus, in attempting to integrate the agency history with the history of biology, the question of what difference did NSF make to the biological sciences will be addressed. The project furthers VPW program objectives to provide opportunities for women to advance their careers in science or engineering through research, and to encourage other women to pursue careers in these areas through the investigators' enhanced visibility as role models on the host campuses. In this project, the proposed activities which contribute to the second objective include: teaching courses on Women and Science, the Social History of American Science, and the History of Medicine; giving seminars; organizing a symposium on women and science in conjunction with the Women's Studies Program; developing an exhibit on early women scientists in Florida; and counseling women students.