Genetic and Physiological Bases of Wheel-Running Behavior

动物经常对环境条件的变化作出反应 通过改变他们的行为 这一共同的观察结果导致了 行为首先进化的假设，在改变之前， 形态学、生理学或生物化学的基本方面。 人工选择实验将被用来测试这一点 关于自愿车轮运行行为的假设 随机繁殖的实验室小鼠。 重复家系内选择 第5和第6天的车轮运行量 暴露于活动轮将用于产生两个高-和 两个低选择行，同时保持两个双行控制 每对10-12个育种对。 当线条分开时 基因在车轮运行的行为，他们将进行比较， 将一系列可能相关的运动行为视为 以及被假设为 部分决定了持续运动的能力。 要测试的可能相关的行为包括几个 开阔场地活动的组成部分，最大短跑速度， 游泳耐力 待测生理性状 包括最大（VO 2 max）和基础（BMR）氧速率 消耗量、红细胞压积和血液血红蛋白含量、甲状腺 激素水平，心脏，腓肠肌和肝脏质量， 以及有氧（氧化）和 细胞水平的无氧糖酵解能力。 对选择的相关反应将允许量化 行为之间以及行为与 physiology. 研究结果对于理解 动物和人类的行为，遗传学，进化， 生理学，包括健康和良好的相互关系， 存在，自愿活动模式和先天锻炼 能力。

Animals frequently respond to changes in environmental conditions by altering their behavior. This common observation has led to the hypothesis that behavior evolves first, prior to changes in underlying aspects of morphology, physiology, or biochemistry. Artificial selection experiments will be used to test this hypothesis with respect to voluntary wheel-running behavior of randombred laboratory mice. Replicated within-family selection on amount of wheel-running during the 5th and 6th days of exposure to activity wheels will be used to produce two high- and two low-selected lines, while maintaining two unselected control lines, each of 10-12 breeding pairs. As lines diverge genetically in wheel-running behavior, they will be compared with regard to a series of possibly correlated locomotor behaviors as well as physiological characteristics that are hypothesized to partly determine capacities for sustained locomotor activity. Possibly correlated behaviors to be tested include several components of open-field activity, maximal sprint running speed, and swimming endurance. Physiological traits to be measured include maximal (VO2max) and basal (BMR) rates of oxygen consumption, hematocrit and blood hemoglobin content, thyroid hormone levels, heart, gastrocnemius muscle, and liver masses, and key indicator enzymes for both aerobic (oxidative) and anaerobic glycolytic capacities at the cellular level. Correlated responses to selection will allow quantification of genetic correlations between behaviors and between behavior and physiology. Results will have significance for the understanding of animal and human behavior, genetics, evolution, and physiology, including the interrelationships of health and well- being, voluntary activity patterns, and innate exercise capacities.