Calculations of Photonic Band Structure

人造三维介电结构之于光子波就像半导体晶体之于电子波一样，近年来已经取得了很大的进展。也就是说，这些光子晶体具有光子带隙，即电磁波被禁止的频率带，无论其在空间中的传播方向如何。一种面心立方光子晶体最近被引入、制备并进行了实验和理论研究。光子带结构和带隙内衰减长度的实验结果与我们的计算结果非常吻合。光子带隙材料抑制相关频率光子的自发吸收和发射，在器件物理中有许多潜在的应用。例如零阈值半导体激光器、高效异质结双极晶体管和高可靠的发光二极管。此外，通过在结构中引入缺陷，可以用这些材料制成非常紧凑的高Q谐振器，适用于从毫米到紫外线的波长。我们将继续寻找具有特定光子带隙结构的光子带隙材料，以适应特定的应用。我们还将计算这些材料对各种光学、原子和化学过程的影响。

There has been great progress recently in the creation of artificial three-dimensional dielectric structures which are to photon waves as semiconductor crystals are to electron waves. That is, these photonic crystals have a photonic bandgap, a band of frequencies in which electromagnetic waves are forbidden, irrespective of propagation direction in space. A face-centered-cubic photonic crystal has recently been introduced, fabricated, and studied experimentally and theoretically. The experimental findings for the photonic band structure and for the attenuation length within the band gap are in excellent agreement with our calculated results. Photonic bandgap materials inhibit the spontaneous absorption and emission of photons of the frequencies concerned and have many potential applications in device physics. Examples are zero- threshold semiconductor lasers, highly efficient heterojunction bipolar transistors and highly reliable light-emitted-diodes. Moreover, very compact high- Q resonators can be made with these materials for applications from millimeter to ultraviolet wavelengths by introducing defects into the structure. We will continue to search for photonic band gap materials with specific photonic band gap structures tailored to particular applications. We will also calculate the effects of these materials on a variety of optical, atomic and chemical processes.