Implicit Attitudes, Implicit Stereotypes, and Prejudice

摘要本研究旨在探讨内隐刻板印象和内隐态度。当控制判断的社会刺激的关键属性（例如，刺激属性，如性别、种族、社会地位）不是被调查者关注的焦点时，预计会发生这些评估。在第1部分中，将使用一个程序，其中名声的属性被错误地分配，这是由知觉熟悉引起的记忆偏差的结果。这一过程被用来确定，对男性和女性名字的同样熟悉会导致男性名字比女性名字更有可能被赋予虚假的名声。该程序的变化将用于识别这种偏见的无意识性质和限制条件，第2部分将通过使用不同种族和民族的名称以及诸如罪犯和政治家等判断，将这种现象的普遍性建立到另一个社会类别。第三部分将介绍一种研究内隐态度的方法，并试图从概念上区分（认知）刻板印象结构和（情感）态度结构。本研究旨在探讨在积极的内隐态度存在的情况下，歧视是否能被内隐刻板印象所控制。总之，这个由三部分组成的研究项目旨在证明刻板印象和偏见的隐性测量的价值，提供对产生评估偏见的微妙而强大的信息处理机制的理解，并质疑目前这种评估主要在意识中运作的主流观念。

ABSTRACTS This research will investigate implicit sterotypes and attitudes. These evaluations are predicted to occur when critical attributes of a social stimulus that control judgment (e.g., stimatizing attibutes such as gender, race, SES) are not at the respondent's focus of attention. In Part 1, a procedure will be used in which the attribute of fame is incorrectly assigned as a result of a bias in memory caused by perceptual familiarity. This procedure is used to identify that equal familiarity with male and female names results in a higher probability of assigning false fame to male than female names. Variations of this procedure will be used to identify the unconscious nature and limiting conditions of this bias, Part 2 will establish the generality of this phenononmenon to another social category, by using names that vary in perceived race and ethnicity, and judgments such as criminal and politician. Part 3 will present a method to study implicit attitudes, and attempts to conceptually differentiate the (cognitive) stereotype construct from the (affective) attitude construct. This research is designed to examine whether discrimination can be controlled by implicit stereotypes even in the presence of positive implicit attitudes. Together, the 3- part program of research seeks to demonstrate the value of implicit measures of stereotyping and prejudice, to provide understanding of the subtle yet powerful information processing mechanisms by which biases in evaluation are produced, and to question the currently dominant conception that such evaluations operate primarily within consciousness.