Women in Science and Engineering: Improving Participation and Performance in Doctoral Programs

注：这是一个与宾夕法尼亚州立大学的合作项目。因此，两个项目都引用了相同的摘要。这项研究的目的是确定哪些部门条件和项目对提高女性在博士教育中的参与度和表现有效，哪些无效——从而解决科学领域人力资源的关键国家问题。其目的是识别和评估影响女性参与博士教育、她们的留任、报告的满意度、出版生产率的组织因素——例如进入专业领域、融入或排斥工作场所文化，以及评估因素的作用。还有就业安置。该项目是对女性在物理、化学、生物、电子工程和计算机科学博士教育中取得成功的跨学科分析，重点关注部门环境。该研究采用深度访谈、制度分析和定量指标调查，在三种类型的部门站点：(1)有重大项目的部门，以纠正女性在学术科学中面临的问题——项目的优势；（二）客观上在女性参与方面取得显著进步的部门（不设项目的情况下）；而那些在提高女学生的入学率和毕业率方面没有取得进展的院系——这也是结果的优势。本研究涉及妇女科学教育博士阶段的政策干预；(1)鼓励在学术科学和工程领域培养足够数量的女性教师；(2)它将女性在科学和工程领域的高级职业形象从一个反常的角色转变为一个更“正常”的角色，从而增强了年轻人对成就的激励。//

NOTE: This is a collaborative project with the Pennsylvania State University. Hence, the same abstract is cited with both projects. The study aims to determine the departmental conditions and programs that do and do not work to improve the participation and performance of women in doctoral education--thus addressing the critical national problem of human resources in science. Its purpose is to identify and assess organizational factors--such as entry into area of specialty, inclusion in or exclusion from the culture of the workplace, and the role of evaluative factors--that affect the participation of women in doctoral education, their retention, reported satisfaction, publication productivity, and job placement. The project is a cross disciplinary analysis of women's success in doctoral education in physics, chemistry, biology, electrical engineering, and computer science, focusing upon the departmental environment. The study employs in-depth interviews, institutional analyses, and surveys of quantitative indicators at three types of departmental sites: (1) departments with significant programs in place to remedy problems women face in academic science--the vantage point of programs; (2) departments that have made objectively notable improvements in the participation of women (in the absence of programs); and departments that have made no progress in raising the enrollment levels and graduation rates of women students--also the vantage point of outcomes. The research is relevant to policy intervention at the doctoral stage of science education for women; (1) it encourages creation of a critical mass of women faculty in academic science and engineering; (2) it revises the image of high level careers in science and engineering for women from an anomalous to a more "normal" role, thereby enhancing the incentive of achievement among younger people.//