The Nucleation of Supersaturated Vapors

这项研究的目的是提供一个更好的理解 成核过程的过程，并使我们能够准确地 定量预测。 该研究将在三个 有些不同但互补的研究领域： 离子诱导成核、金属蒸气成核，以及 均质成核 私家侦探。发明了一种新方法 用于测量离子诱导的成核速率，其中所有的 重要变量（过饱和度、温度和离子 密度）是准确已知的，并且都可以容易地改变。 对正壬烷和1-己醇的初始测量将是 重复以降低其不确定性，优化条件 并将其扩展到更大范围的过饱和度， 几个温度。 研究更复杂的物质， 如具有四极矩或高极化率的那些 (e.g. CS2，CC 14）也将进行。 第二个重点将 是金属蒸气的均匀成核。 金属在其 稀蒸气态是非金属的，形成团簇 非金属过渡的尺寸依赖性。 成核 对金属的研究不仅能使人们研究这些 远低于临界温度的现象 (and因此，在密度变化的温度下， 基本上是不连续的），但也将测试的有效性 核理论的一类物质非常不同 从任何研究到现在。 重点将是共同努力 这个研究小组和菲利普斯的一个研究小组 德国的马尔堡大学，由F.亨塞尔和 H博士乌赫特曼 第三个重点是继续努力， 理解均质成核过程。 这将 包括对各种物质的研究， 速率为10 ~（-6）~ 101个核cm ~（-3）s ~（-1）。 从蒸汽到 成核液相在很宽的范围内起着关键作用， 品种

The goal of this research is to provide a better understanding of nucleation processes, and to allow us to make accurate quantitative predictions. The research will be in three somewhat different but complementary fields of investigation: ion induced nucleation, nucleation of metal vapors, and homogeneous nucleation. The P. I. has developed a new method for measuring the ion induced nucleation rate in which all the important variables (supersaturation, temperature, and ion density) are accurately known and all can be readily changed. Initial measurements on n-nonane and 1-hexanol will be repeated to decrease their uncertainty, optimize conditions and extend them to a wider range of supersaturations and to several temperatures. Studies of more complex substances such as those with quadropole moments or high polarizabilities (e.g. CS2, CC14) will also be made. A second major focus will be the homogenous nucleation of metal vapors. Metals in their dilute vapor state are nonmetallic, resulting in a cluster size dependence of the nonmetal transition. Nucleation studies of metals not only will enable one to study this phenomena at temperatures far below the critical temperature (and thus at temperatures where the change in density is essentially discontinuous), but also will test the validity of nucleation theories on a class of substances very different from any studied until now. The focus will be a joint effort of this research group and a research group at Phillips University in Marburg, Germany headed by Prof. F. Hensel and Dr. H. Uchtmann. A third focus will be continued efforts on understanding homogeneous nucleation processes. This will include studies on various substances over a wide range of rates, 10-6 to 101 nuclei cm-3 s-1. Phase change form vapor to the liquid phase by nucleation plays a key role in a wide variety.