Topics in Price Theory and Game Theory

这项工作包括价格理论中的几个主题。第一个主要主题是对多产品定价以及税收、监管和合同等相关问题的分析。这包括几项任务：阐述一些利用隐式捆绑定价的基本结果，扩展仅依赖于可观察到的需求数据的替代公式，开发两种公式的计算方法，以及阐述在通信和电力等行业多产品定价的实际方面的应用。此外，这些方法将被用来阐述更一般的最优机制设计理论，允许风险规避、相关信息和其他现实特征。第二个主要专题发展了不可逆持久投资的灵活替代品价格的期权价值组成部分的理论，包括在这种情况下最优投资政策的特征。主要应用于电力公用事业二氧化硫排放限额的价格，以及减少或缓解全球变暖影响的投资。其他主题包括将讨价还价理论应用于劳资谈判和诉讼当事人之间的审前谈判的研究，以及计算稳定均衡的计算方法的发展。这项研究将在许多领域做出重要贡献。例如，这类定价问题的解决方案可能有助于解决航天飞机货物分配和几个用户之间的计算机时间分配等问题。备选方案价值研究将与有关通过限制碳排放来减缓全球变暖的政策问题有关。

This work includes several topics in price theory. The first major topic develops analyses of multiproduct pricing and related problems of taxation, regulation, and contracting. This includes several tasks: elaboration of some basic results to take advantage of implicit bundling, extensions of an alternative formulation that relies only on observable demand data, development of computational methods for both formulations, and exposition of applications to practical aspects of multiproduct pricing in industries such as communications and power. Also, these methods will be used to elaborate a more general theory of optimal mechanism design that allows risk aversion, correlated information, and other realistic features. The second major topic develops the theory of the option value component of the prices of flexible substitutes for irreversible durable investments, including the characterization of optimal investment policies in such contexts. The main applications are to prices of sulfur dioxide emission allowances for electric utilities, and to investments to reduce or alleviate the effects of global warming. Additional topics include studies applying theories of bargaining to labor negotiations and to pre-trial negotiations between litigants, and development of computational methods for computing stable equilibria. This study will have important contributions in many fields. For example, the solution to the class of pricing problems may be helpful in such matters as space shuttle cargo allocation and allocation of computer time among several users. The option value study would be relevant for policy issues concerning the abatement of global warming by limiting carbon emissions.