SCOT2K: Reconstructing 2000 years of Scottish climate from tree-rings

SCOT2K：从树木年轮重建苏格兰 2000 年来的气候

• 批准号: NE/K003097/1
• 负责人: Robert Wilson
• 金额: $ 33.45万
• 依托单位: University of St Andrews
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2013 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FK003097%2F1
• 关键词: SCOT2K; Reconstructing; 2000; years; Scottish

The SCOT2K project aims to reconstruct summer temperatures in the Scottish Highlands for the last 2000 years using tree-ring data. Such a climate reconstruction for Northern Britain, along with similar tree-ring data-sets being developed in Scandinavia, will not only provide important information on medieval climate, the transition into the Little Ice Age (~1300 AD) and current regional climate change, but will also help ascertain the influence of the North Atlantic on the climate of the NW European region.Trees respond to a variety of environmental factors. By understanding how these organisms respond to such factors, it is possible to use tree-ring measurements to not only reconstruct past climate but also assess how management practises may have influenced tree-growth in the past. In the Scottish Highlands, Scots pine trees rarely attain ages greater than ~200-300 years. Therefore, to study past environmental change prior to ~1700, living pine chronologies need to be extended back in time using preserved local woody material. There are potentially two sources of material; historic timbers from buildings and sub-fossil material preserved in peat/lake sediments. This project will utilise both sources of preserved pine material to extend the living chronologies back in time.In general, trees of the same species respond in a similar way to environmental conditions over relatively large areas. There is therefore a certain degree of common growth variability between all trees of the same species from the same region. This common variability results in a shared pattern of wide and narrow rings (i.e. like a bar code) that can be matched between samples allowing between sample dating. This synchronising or pattern matching process is termed "crossdating". Through crossdating, historical or sub-fossil woody material can be calendar dated, so long as there is reasonable overlap (~80 years) with an already dated reference chronology. Initial results indicate that a 2000 year chronology is a feasible and realistic objective within the timeframe of the proposed SCOT2K project and that an ~8000 year long chronology, an albeit more challenging long term aim, is theoretically possible in the future.This project proposes to sample preserved pine material from both historic structures and lakes in the Scottish Highlands, crossdate the samples and derive a 2000-year long climatically sensitive tree-ring chronology for the region. As well as ring-width (RW) data, maximum density (MXD) and minimum blue intensity (BI) data will also be measured from the samples. MXD and BI are both measures of lignin content in the latewood of a tree-ring, the amount of which is strongly controlled by summer temperatures. Using RW, MXD and BI, a robust, strongly calibrated summer temperature reconstruction can be developed for the Scottish Highlands. The data obtained from the SCOT2K project will not only provide important information of past temperatures over the last two millennia for northern Britain, but will also provide key information on North Atlantic variability which controls decadal and longer term climate variability over the British Isles. The importance of this work will be greatly enhanced by interaction with research groups (other tree-ring scientists and climate modellers) undertaking similar research across Scandinavia. A synthesis workshop is proposed for Year 3 of the project to facilitate this important collaboration.

SCOT 2K项目旨在利用树木年轮数据重建苏格兰高地过去2000年的夏季温度。这样的气候重建北方英国，沿着与类似的树轮数据集正在开发的斯堪的纳维亚半岛，不仅提供了重要的信息，中世纪的气候，过渡到小冰期（~1300 AD）和当前的区域气候变化，但也将有助于确定北大西洋对西北欧地区的气候的影响。通过了解这些生物如何对这些因素做出反应，不仅可以使用树木年轮测量来重建过去的气候，还可以评估过去的管理措施如何影响树木的生长。在苏格兰高地，苏格兰松树的树龄很少超过200-300年。因此，要研究1700年以前的环境变化，需要使用保存的当地木质材料将活松树年表及时延长。可能有两种材料来源：来自建筑物的历史木材和保存在泥炭/湖泊沉积物中的亚化石材料。该项目将利用保存完好的松树材料的两种来源，将生活时间表追溯到过去。一般来说，同一物种的树木在相对较大的区域内对环境条件的反应方式相似。因此，在同一地区的同一物种的所有树木之间存在一定程度的共同生长变异性。这种常见的变异性导致宽环和窄环的共享模式（即像条形码），可以在样品之间匹配，从而允许样品之间的日期。这种同步或模式匹配过程被称为“交叉日期”。通过交叉定年，历史或亚化石木质材料可以日历定年，只要有合理的重叠（~80年）与已经定年的参考年表。初步结果表明，在SCOT 2K项目的时间框架内，2000年的年表是一个可行和现实的目标，而8000年的年表，尽管更具挑战性的长期目标，在未来理论上是可能的。该项目建议从苏格兰高地的历史建筑和湖泊中取样保存的松树材料，交叉测定样本的年代，并得出该地区2000年之久的气候敏感的树木年轮年表。除环宽（RW）数据外，还将测量样品的最大密度（MXD）和最小蓝色强度（BI）数据。MXD和BI都是衡量树木年轮晚材中木质素含量的指标，其含量受夏季温度的强烈控制。使用RW，MXD和BI，一个强大的，强烈校准的夏季温度重建可以开发苏格兰高地。从SCOT 2K项目获得的数据不仅将提供北方英国过去两千年来的重要气温信息，而且还将提供控制不列颠群岛十年和更长期气候变率的北大西洋变率的关键信息。通过与在斯堪的纳维亚半岛进行类似研究的研究小组（其他树木年轮科学家和气候建模者）的互动，这项工作的重要性将大大提高。建议在项目第三年举办一次综合研讨会，以促进这一重要合作。

项目成果

Reconstructing 800 years of summer temperatures in Scotland from tree rings

• DOI: 10.1007/s00382-016-3478-8
• 发表时间: 2017-01
• 期刊: Climate Dynamics
• 影响因子: 4.6
• 作者: M. Rydval;N. Loader;B. Gunnarson;D. Druckenbrod;H. Linderholm;S. Moreton;C. Wood;R. Wilson

Dendrochronologically Dated Pine Buildings from Scotland: The SCOT2K Native Pine Dendrochronology Project

苏格兰的树木年代学松树建筑：SCOT2K 本土松树树木年代学项目

• DOI: 10.1080/03055477.2017.1372674
• 发表时间: 2017
• 期刊: Vernacular Architecture
• 影响因子: 0.2
• 作者: Mills C

Complexity in crisis: The volcanic cold pulse of the 1690s and the consequences of Scotland's failure to cope

危机的复杂性：1690 年代的火山寒流以及苏格兰应对失败的后果

• DOI: 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2019.106746
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research
• 影响因子: 2.9
• 作者: D'Arrigo R

Volcanic cooling signal in tree ring temperature records for the past millennium

• DOI: 10.1002/jgrd.50692
• 发表时间: 2013-08-27
• 期刊: JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
• 影响因子: 4.4
• 作者: D'Arrigo, Rosanne;Wilson, Rob;Anchukaitis, Kevin J.
• 通讯作者: Anchukaitis, Kevin J.

Climatic controls on the survival and loss of ancient types of barley on North Atlantic Islands

• DOI: 10.1007/s10584-022-03474-0
• 发表时间: 2023-01
• 期刊: Climatic Change
• 影响因子: 4.8
• 作者: P. Martin;T. Brown;T. George;B. Gunnarson;N. Loader;Paul Ross;J. Wishart;R. Wilson