Modern Physics Experiments for Undergraduates with Cooled Charge-Coupled Device Array Detectors

普林斯顿大学的初级高级实验室是 物理专业核心实验课。 进行重大改革 目前正在进行的，旨在取代一些旧的实验， 新的，并升级仪器在休息。 一 新实验的重要部分涉及到 现代光学技术或光子探测技术。 他们 已经获得了两个电荷耦合器件（CCD）相机， 这极大地促进了这些实验的实施。 (Some如果没有CCD，这些都是不可能的。 在 在这些实验中的三个实验中，CCD被用于 光谱仪和自制的脉冲氮激光器， 染料激光器。 介绍了一种重要的技术， 烧孔瞬态光谱学是在 实验1. 在实验2中，学生被引入 现代非线性光学，通过执行四波相位 钠蒸气中的共轭。 CCD探测器大大 便于将泵浦激光器调谐到钠跃迁 线 第三个光学实验证明了这一现象 的拉曼散射。 能力同时 在CCD阵列中捕获完整的拉曼光谱使得 在本科生实验室进行可行的实验。 共振- 增强的拉曼散射也将用于研究稀 溶液中血红蛋白的浓度。 实验4使用 CCD摄像机记录木星卫星的轨道， 测量它们的周期和轨道半径。 最后一个实验 演示了一个光子与自身的干涉， 产生经典的杨氏干涉图样 虽然 照相胶片与CCD探测器竞争， 后者更通用，更适合于 教学实验室设置。

The Junior Advanced Laboratory at Princeton University is the core experimental course for physics majors. A major overhaul currently underway, seeks to replace some old experiments with new ones, and to upgrade the instrumentation in the rest. A significant fraction of the new experiments relate to techniques of modern optics or the detection of photons. They have acquired two charge coupled device (CCD) cameras that are greatly facilitating the implementation of these experiments. (Some of these would not be possible without the CCD.) In three of these experiments, the CCD is being used with a spectrometer and a home-built pulsed nitrogen laser which pumps a dye laser. An introduction to the important technique of hole-burning transient spectroscopy is being offered in Experiment 1. In Experiment 2, students are being introduced to modern non-linear optics by performing four-wave phase conjugation in sodium vapor. The CCD detector greatly facilitates tuning of the pump lasers to the sodium transition lines. The third optics experiment demonstrates the phenomenon of Raman scattering in water. The capability of simultaneously capturing the full Raman spectrum in a CCD array makes this experiment feasible in an undergraduate lab. Resonance- enhanced Raman scattering will also be used to study dilute concentrations of hemoglobin in solution. Experiment 4 uses a CCD camera to record the orbits of the moons of Jupiter, and to measure their periods and orbit radii. The last experiment demonstrates the interference of a single photon with itself in generating the classic Young interference pattern. Although photographic film is competitive with the CCD detector, the latter is much more versatile and better suited for an instructional laboratory setting.