Historical Biodiversity of Tropical America: A Paleobiotic Survey of Caribbean and Eastern Pacific Marine Invertebratesof the Past Ten Million Years

WPC 2 M B P V‘快递10cpi|x？X，k x 6X@8；邮箱：X@Leonard Krishtalka 23‘3’3‘3’4 D L 3‘3‘3’3‘3’3‘3’3‘3’3‘3‘3’X 3‘3’3‘3’X 3‘3’3尺3寸“4D L！(##x\P C X P#Collins 9300905(#`hp x(#这个为期三年的项目将对热带美洲的中新世和上新世海洋无脊椎动物化石进行调查和数据库，以测试和研究加勒比海和太平洋航道之间巴拿马海上走廊关闭后的生物反应假说。在新近纪，这种闭合分裂了热带海洋领域，并在中美洲的两边产生了海洋变化和生物隔离。这项调查将在精细的地层框架内进行，将包括地理、沉积学、地层学、古生态和分类学数据集。大多数动物群由苔藓虫、有孔虫和软体动物组成，将进行区系分析，并用于古环境和古气候测定。由此产生的收藏品还将用于组成种群的系统和系统发生研究，并用于培训学生学习古生物学。该项目与巴拿马史密森热带研究所的设施和研究人员长期合作。在2000万至200万年前的中新世和上新世时期，加勒比海和太平洋之间的巴拿马海上走廊变得狭窄并最终关闭，将原本连续的航道分裂为中美洲两侧的两个离散的海洋领域。这种封闭产生了大规模的海洋和生物变化，包括灭绝、迁徙和许多新海洋物种的发展。该项目将对这一时期以来的热带美洲海洋化石动物群进行调查，以研究这些变化，S，并对比巴拿马航道关闭对海洋生物的影响。这项调查将包括地理、地质和古生物数据集。大多数化石动物是苔藓动物、有孔虫和软体动物，将进行区系分析，并用于古环境和古气候测定。由此产生的收藏品还将用于重建这些生物体的历史，并用于培训学生学习古生物学。该项目在绘制海洋领域对地质事件的反应图方面极其重要。***

WPC 2 M B P V ` Courier 10cpi | x ? x x x , k x 6 X @ 8 ; X @ Leonard Krishtalka 2 3 ' 3 ' 3 ' 3 ' 4 D L ! 3 ' 3 ' 3 ' 3 ' 3 ' 3 ' 3 ' 3 ' 3 ' 3 ' 3 ' 3 ' X 3 ' 3 ' 3 ' 3 ' X X X 3 ' 3 ' 3 ' 3 ' " 4 D L ! (# # x \ P C X P# Collins 9300905 (# ` h p x (# This three year project will survey and database the Miocene and Pliocene marine invertebrate fossil faunas of tropical America in order to test and study hypotheses of biotic responses to the closing of the Panamanian sea corridor between the Caribbean and Pacific seaways. During the Neogene, this closure split the tropical marine realm and produced oceanic changes and biotic isolation on opposite sides of Central America. The survey, which will occur in a fine scaled stratigraphic framework, will include geographic, sedimentologic, stratigraphic, paleoecologic, and taxonomic datasets. Most of the fauna consists of bryozoans, foraminifera and molluscs, which will be subjected to faunal analyses and employed in paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic determinations. The resultant collections will also be used in systematic and phylogenetic studies of constituent groups and in training students in paleobiology. The project has longstanding collaboration with facilities and investigators at the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute in Panama. %%% During the Miocene and Pliocene epochs 20 million to 2 million years ago the Panamanian sea corridor between the Caribbean and the Pacific became constricted and finally closed, splitting what had been a continuous seaway into two discrete marine realms on either side of Central America. This closure produced wholesale oceanic and biotic changes, including extinctions, migrations and the development of many new marine species. The project will survey the marine fossil faunas of tropical America from this time period in order to study these change s and correlate the impacts on the marine organisms of the closing of the Panamanian seaway. The survey will include geographic, geologic and paleontologic datasets. Most of the fossil animals are bryozoans, foraminifera and molluscs, which will be subjected to faunal analyses and employed in paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic determinations. The resultant collections will also be used to reconstruct the history of these organisms and in training students in paleobiology. The project is extremely important in charting responses in the marine realm to geological events. ***