Development of APS Synchrotron Instrumentation

科恩9304725西北大学、E.I.Du Pont de Nemour和陶氏化学已经组成了一个名为DUNU的协作访问团队，并提议在高级光子源测量和运营一个部门。双方商定了一个筹资时间表，费用由双方平均分担，既包括五年建设阶段，也包括十年最低运营阶段。目前，DUNU雇用了三名总部设在西北大学的全职高级科学家和工程师(全国范围内正在寻找第四名高级科学家)，他们在康奈尔高能同步加速器光源(CHESS)和国家同步加速器光源(NSLS Brookaven)的光束线构建和操作方面拥有丰富的经验，以及国内最大的X射线衍射实验室之一的管理。这个协同获取团队的目的是对先进材料的结构进行研究。我们对结构(原子到微米级)的了解是开发性能增强的新材料的关键前提。同步辐射已经成为结构分析各个方面必不可少的工具，并给科学和工程的许多子领域带来了革命性的变化。我们CAT的许多成员一直是我们国家设施的非常活跃的用户。APS和欧洲和日本的类似储存环等“第三代”机器的能力大幅提高，预示着一场第二次革命。已经制定了一个广泛的研究计划，目前有来自杜邦和西北大学的30多名首席调查人员参与。最终将有至少50名其他科学家和工程师、学生和博士后研究员参与进来。虽然这项研究计划涉及材料科学和工程的许多领域，但该项目中仪器支持的研究有一个特别的重点：它涉及材料，其中间尺度结构(纳米到微米)对其性能有深刻的影响。这类材料具有巨大的技术重要性，包括沉淀硬化合金、陶瓷、聚合物、水泥和复合材料。这项研究计划的许多元素完全超出了现有X射线源(常规和同步加速器)的现有能力。我们将开发的仪器在很大程度上(或关键地)取决于APS的特性。它分成两个实验站，均利用波荡器辐射：1.通用散射仪，适用于所有类型的衍射实验(非晶态、粉末和单晶工作、表面和界面衍射、驻波等)。准直光束(0.1-1毫米)和微光束将可用于衍射和微探针工作。在本提案的背景下，微束能力尤其令人感兴趣。2.小角X射线散射显微层析成像仪，配有二维位置灵敏探测器和多附件(低温、高温、特高压、换样器)的环境小室。这可能是第一台具有足够成像和散射分辨率的X射线仪器，可以让这两种技术在研究微米级结构特征时重叠。我们相信，DUNU拥有一个高效和强大的协作访问团队的所有关键要素。西北大学通过其跨学科研究中心(其中许多中心，如材料研究中心和先进水泥基材料中心得到国家科学基金会的支持)和个人教职员工研究，建立了一个互动的研究社区。杜邦公司带来了其强大的科学研究和开发能力。它在过程化学和工程以及高科技产品制造方面处于世界领先地位。这次合作的目的不仅是在这一主要设施共享一个站，而且是为了在两个机构之间发展互动和协作研究(我们已经安装了一个视频会议链接来帮助这种互动)。

Cohen 9304725 Northwestern University, E.I. Du Pont de Nemours and Dow Chemical have formed a Collaborative Access Team, known as DUNU, and are proposing to instrument and operate a sector at the Advanced Photon Source. A funding schedule, with costs to be shared equally by both parties has been agreed upon, covering both a five year construction phase, as well as a ten year minimum operations phase. Currently DUNU employs three full-time senior scientists and engineers headquartered at Northwestern (a nationwide search is on for a fourth senior scientist), with extensive experience in beam line construction and operations both at the Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source (CHESS) and the National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS Brookhaven), plus management of one of the largest x-ray diffraction laboratories in the country. The purpose of this Collaborative Access Team is to carry out research on the structure of advanced materials. Our understanding of the structure (atomic to micron level) is a crucial prerequisite to the development of new materials with enhanced properties. Synchrotron radiation has become an essential tool in every aspect of structural analysis and has revolutionized many subfields of science and engineering. Many members of our CAT have been very active users of our national facilities. The vastly increased capabilities of "third generation" machines, such as the APS and similar storage rings in Europe and Japan, promise a second revolution. A broad research program has been formulated, involving currently more than 30 principal investigators from Du Pont and Northwestern. At least fifty other scientists and engineers, students and post-doctoral fellows will ultimately be involved. Although many fields of materials science and engineering are represented in this research program, the research to be supported by the instrumentation in this project has a particular focus: It deals with materials, whose intermediate scale structure (nanometer to micrometer) has a profound influence on their properties. Such materials are of immense technological importance and include precipitation-hardening alloys, ceramics, polymers, cement and composite materials. Many elements of this research program are totally beyond current capabilities at available x-ray sources (conventional and synchrotron). The instrumentation that we will develop depends heavily (or crucially) on the characteristics of the APS. It is grouped in two experimental stations, both utilizing undulator radiation: 1. General purpose scattering instrument, suitable for all types of diffraction experiments (amorphous, powder and single crystal work, surface and interface diffraction, standing waves etc.). Collimated beams (0.1-1 mm) and microbeams will be available for diffraction and microprobe work. The microbeam capability is of particular interest in the context of this proposal. 2. Small Angle X-ray Scattering microtomography instrument equipped with 2-D position sensitive detector and environmental chamber with multiple attachments (low and high temperature, UHV, sample changer). This may be the first x-ray instrument with sufficient imaging and scattering resolution to allow the two techniques to overlap in studying micron- sized structural features. We believe that DUNU possesses all the key ingredients of a productive and strong Collaborative Access Team. Northwestern University anchors an interactive research community through its interdisciplinary research centers (many of which, such as the Materials Research Center and the Center for Advanced CementBased Materials are supported by the National Science Foundation) and individual faculty research. E.I. Du Pont de Nemours & Co. brings its immense capabilities in scientific research and development. It is a world leader in process chemistry and engineering and t he manufacturing of high technology products. It is the intent of this collaboration not only to share a station at this major facility, but to develop interactive, collaborative research between the two institutions (we have installed a videoconferencing link to aid this interaction).