Intrapersonal and Interpersonal Moderators of Cognitive Appraisal and Cardiovascular Reactivity

摘要 唤醒的沉淀以及它的维持，减少， 和增强是唤醒调节理论的焦点， 人格、社会心理学和心理生理学领域。 这些领域的唤醒调节理论已经取得了显著的进展 在过去的三十年里， 方法的复杂性。然而，这些进步已经发生， 相对独立。因为唤醒调节过程 多元确定，多种理论方法的融合 应该能增进对唤醒调节过程的理解 实质上。 这项研究将探讨生物心理社会学的可行性， (BPS)唤醒调节模型BPS模型适用于 广泛的基于觉醒的心理现象和行为。 最近的BPS研究一致表明，认知 对潜在唤起情境的评估 生理反应，例如挑战评估导致 增加的心肌反应性和威胁评估， 血管反应性这些数据代表了 心血管反应的分级， 对积极应对任务的不同评价。这 研究将有助于理清明显相互矛盾的文献 将心血管反应性与性能增量 增加心脏病的风险。的实验测试， BPS模型的提出是基于理论和实证工作 从不同的领域，包括影响，自尊，仅仅 存在感一系列的五个实验，采用自我报告， 和生理测量将检查自我和 人际变量调节认知评价和自律 BPS模型中规定的反应性。 这项研究的结果不仅具有重要意义， 对BPS模型的影响，以及对理论和研究的影响， 调节变量的域（例如，影响和自我- 自己（自己）。此外，研究结果将 对心血管和精神健康有直接影响。

ABSTRACT The precipitation of arousal as well as its maintenance, reduction, and enhancement are the focus of arousal regulation theories in the fields of personality, social psychology, and psychophysiology. Arousal regulation theories in these fields have advanced markedly over the last three decades reflecting increased theoretical and methodological sophistication. Yet, these advances have occurred relatively independently. Because arousal regulation processes are multiply determined, integration of diverse theories and methods should advance understanding of arousal regulation processes substantially. This research will examine the viability of the biopsychosocial (BPS) arousal regulation model. The BPS model is applicable to a broad range of arousal-based psychological phenomena and behaviors. Recent BPS research has demonstrated consistently that cognitive appraisal of potentially evocative situations mediates physiological responses such that challenge appraisals result in increased myocardial reactivity and threat appraisals in increased vascular reactivity. These data represent the first demonstration of the fractionation of cardiovascular responses as a function of categorically different appraisals of an active coping task. This research will help disentangle apparently conflicting literatures linking cardiovascular reactivity to both performance increments and increased risk for heart disease. The experimental tests of the BPS model proposed are based on theoretical and empirical work from diverse areas including affect, self-esteem, and mere presence. A series of five experiments employing both self-report and physiological measures will examine intrapersonal and interpersonal variable moderating cognitive appraisal and autonomic reactivity as specified in the BPS model. The results of this research will not only have important implications for the BPS model but also for theory and research in the domains of the moderating variables (e.g., affect and self- esteem) themselves. In addition, the results of the research will have direct implications for cardiovascular and mental health.