Ethics and Archaeology: A Survey

9310554威尔克在世界各地，过去是一个竞争日益激烈的地形。历史遗迹和史前遗迹在人们试图确定族裔和国家身份的过程中发挥了突出作用，与此同时，抢劫、非法贸易和遗址破坏正在加速。考古学正受到公众更密切的关注，考古学家今天更关心道德实践和责任追究。然而，关于考古事业的研究很少。虽然考古可以促进文化保护和社区的可持续发展，但它也可能助长遗址破坏和社会冲突。这个项目解决的总体问题是考古学家与他们工作的社区之间的伦理关系，特别是在外国文化背景下，以及这种关系在抢劫、支持保护和公众对过去的看法方面的实际后果。这个项目将调查和采访考古学家的广泛样本，了解他们对道德标准和行为的看法，并询问他们进行实地研究的方式。这项调查将包括三个部分：一个是关于实践，考古学家在实地如何与所在社区相关的行为；第二个是意见调查，旨在引起考古学家对最低限度道德行为的看法；第三个使用情景来调查职业道德与更广泛的社会关注的文化完整性、自治、等级和平等之间的关系。这项调查预计将对300至500名考古学家进行抽样；对50名考古学家的电话采访将提供有关涉及伦理关切和冲突的案件的进一步详细信息。结果将提供考古学家普遍的态度和做法的文件，并询问目前的道德标准和保障措施是否足够。***

9310554 Wilk Around the world, the past is an increasingly contested terrain. Historic and prehistoric remains play prominent roles in peoples' attempts to define ethnic and national identities, at the same time that looting, illegal trade, and site destruction are accelerating. Archaeology is coming under closer public scrutiny and archaeologists today are more concerned about ethical practice and accountability. There has been little research on the archaeological enterprise, however. Although archaeology can promote cultural preservation and sustainable community development, it can also fuel site destruction and contribute to social conflict. The overall problem this project addresses is the ethical relationship between archaeologists and the communities where they work, particularly in foreign cultural settings, and the practical ramifications of this relationship in the forms of looting, support for preservation, and public perceptions of the past. This project will survey and interview a broad sample of archaeologists, finding out about their views about ethical standards and behavior, and asking about the ways they have conducted their own field research. The survey will have three sections: one about practice, how do archaeologists conduct themselves in the field in relation to host communities; the second is an opinion survey aimed at eliciting archaeologists' perceptions of minimal ethical behavior; and the third uses scenarios to investigate the relationships between professional ethics and broader social concerns for cultural integrity, autonomy, hierarchy, and equality. The survey is expected to sample 300 to 500 archaeologists; telephone interviews with 50 will provide further detailed information about cases involving ethical concerns and conflicts. Results will provide documentation of prevailing attitudes and practices among archaeologists, and ask if current ethical standards and safeguards are sufficient. ***