The Medieval Ritual Landscape: Archaeology, Material Culture and Lived Religion

中世纪的仪式景观：考古学、物质文化和宗教信仰

• 批准号: AH/X004929/1
• 负责人: Roberta Gilchrist
• 金额: $ 93.15万
• 依托单位: University of Reading
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2023 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FX004929%2F1
• 关键词: Medieval; Ritual; Landscape; Archaeology; Material

The Medieval Ritual Landscape Project (MeRit) will shed new light on everyday religion in the English Middle Ages (c.1000-1600 CE). Complementary sources of archaeological evidence (excavated artefacts and metal-detected finds) will be analysed at different scales (macro-scale national and transnational, and micro-scale regional perspectives) to illuminate how medieval people expressed their own religious agency, largely unrecorded by written sources. The project will adopt an interdisciplinary research framework, combining archaeological, historical and digital humanities approaches, to reveal how the material practices of lived religion intersected with gender, family and community. It will consider changes in belief over time and in response to social crises and religious transitions, such as the Black Death and the long Reformation, taking a deep time perspective on the religious beliefs and agency of ordinary medieval people. It will consider regional variation in ritual practices and religious identity, through detailed contextual studies of three regional case studies (Kent, Norfolk, North Yorkshire), selected to provide direct comparisons with continental Europe. It will place the English evidence in comparative perspective with Dutch and Danish public finds data, to evaluate the extent to which medieval north-western Europe shared a common repertoire of religious objects and ritual practices.The project will unlock the potential of English medieval public finds data (over 325,000 medieval finds recorded by the PAS, the Portable Antiquities Scheme) and pioneer transnational analysis of European public finds, with relevance to archaeological citizen science across Europe. It will create an integrated database of medieval religious artefacts, including both public finds (metal-detected objects) and excavated archaeological evidence, to enable innovative spatial-statistical analyses to map ritual practices in the medieval landscape. The project will employ GIS mapping techniques to interrogate spatial relationships of religious objects in relation to settlements and natural or cultural features in the landscape, as well as potential clustering of finds that may reveal intentionally 'placed deposits' and the reuse of earlier ritual landscapes. Change over time will be considered through probabilistic 'aoristic' analyses using Monte Carlo simulation, to test patterns in religious material culture in relation to social and demographic trends, such as the development of parishes, pilgrimage, the Black Death, and the Reformation. Social Network Analysis will be used to elucidate and compare regional patterns in the circulation of pilgrim souvenirs and other religious objects. We will interrogate medieval textual sources to gain deeper understanding of who conducted ritual practices, for what reasons and in what spaces, as well as clerical attitudes and commentaries on these lay practices. Comparative insights will be gleaned from public finds recording schemes in Denmark (DIME, Aarhus Universitet) and the Netherlands (PAN, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam), in addition to the rich data set for medieval pilgrim souvenirs from the Kunera Project (Radboud Universiteit, NL).MeRit will deliver parallel strands of impact and outputs addressing i) everyday religion in the Middle Ages; and ii) the use and significance of public finds today, to reach beneficiaries beyond academia, including: citizen scientists, heritage professionals, the public and the Portable Antiquities Scheme. Working with museums and PAS Finds Liaison Officers (FLOs), we will establish a partnership group of 'citizen archaeologists' with whom we will co-produce finds recording guides and creative approaches to object biographies. The PAS will gain long-standing benefits from partnership with the project, including reciprocal knowledge exchange to improve the quality of future medieval finds recording, data cleaning, and legacy materials for the PAS website.

中世纪宗教景观项目（MeRit）将为英国中世纪（公元1000 -1600年）的日常宗教提供新的视角。考古证据的补充来源（出土文物和金属探测发现）将在不同的尺度（宏观尺度的国家和跨国，和微观尺度的区域视角）进行分析，以阐明中世纪的人如何表达自己的宗教机构，主要是没有记录的书面来源。该项目将采用一个跨学科的研究框架，结合考古学、历史学和数字人文学方法，揭示活宗教的物质实践如何与性别、家庭和社区相结合。它将考虑信仰随着时间的推移以及对社会危机和宗教转型（例如黑死病和漫长的宗教改革）的反应而发生的变化，对中世纪普通人的宗教信仰和机构进行深刻的时间视角。它将考虑在仪式的做法和宗教身份的区域变化，通过三个区域的案例研究（肯特，诺福克，北约克郡），选择提供与欧洲大陆的直接比较详细的上下文研究。它将把英国的证据与荷兰和丹麦的公共发现数据进行比较，以评估中世纪西北欧在宗教物品和仪式实践方面的共同程度。该项目将释放英国中世纪公共发现数据的潜力（PAS，便携式文物计划记录了超过325，000个中世纪发现）和欧洲公共发现的先驱跨国分析，与整个欧洲的考古学公民科学相关。它将建立一个中世纪宗教文物综合数据库，包括公共发现（金属探测物体）和挖掘的考古证据，以便进行创新的空间统计分析，绘制中世纪景观中的仪式习俗。该项目将采用地理信息系统制图技术，调查宗教物品与住区和自然或文化特征在景观中的空间关系，以及可能揭示有意“放置的存款”和重新使用早期仪式景观的潜在发现集群。随着时间的推移变化将被认为是通过概率的“哲学”分析，使用蒙特卡罗模拟，以测试模式在宗教物质文化与社会和人口趋势，如教区的发展，朝圣，黑死病，和改革。社会网络分析将用于阐明和比较朝圣纪念品和其他宗教物品流通的区域模式。我们将询问中世纪的文本来源，以更深入地了解谁进行了仪式的做法，出于什么原因，在什么空间，以及文书的态度和评论，这些奠定的做法。将从丹麦的公共发现记录计划中收集比较见解（DIME，奥胡斯大学）和荷兰（PAN，Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam），除了来自Kunera项目的中世纪朝圣者纪念品的丰富数据集外，（荷兰Radboud Universiteit）.MeRit将提供平行的影响和产出，解决i）中世纪的日常宗教;以及ii）今天公众发现的用途和重要性，以达到学术界以外的受益者，包括：公民科学家，遗产专业人员，公众和便携式文物计划。与博物馆和PAS发现联络官（FLOs）合作，我们将建立一个“公民考古学家”的伙伴关系小组，我们将与他们共同制作发现记录指南和创造性的方法来记录对象传记。考绩制度将从与该项目的伙伴关系中获得长期利益，包括相互交流知识，以提高今后中世纪发现记录、数据清理和考绩制度网站遗留材料的质量。