A Hierarchic GIS for Studies of Process, Pattern and Scale in Arctic Ecosystems

北极系统科学（ARCSS）陆地/大气/冰相互作用（LAII）通量研究的这一组成部分将：(1)在五个地点开发五个尺度（1:10、1:5000、1:50 000、1:25 000和1:25万）的地理信息系统（GIS）数据库；(2)了解植被信号与关键地形参数之间的关系；(3)开发利用遥感影像和GIS变量区分微量气体通量空间模型关键植被参数的方法。一项任务将是在图里克湖-因纳瓦伊特河地区的多个尺度上开发甲烷和二氧化碳通量图，使用；(1)基于不同植被类型中痕量气体通量野外测量的经验方法；(2)基于多种遥感卫星数据的建模方法。植被、生物量、土壤、场地和光谱反射特征的测量将在代表大部分景观变化的永久性研究地块上进行。其他调查人员在同一地点进行的微量气体测量和地理信息系统数据库将用于将这些信息外推到景观和区域尺度。在五个研究区域永久标记为1 × 1公里的网格将被用作本研究的大部分采样框架（例如监测与景观变量和气候变化有关的物种组成和冠层结构的趋势）和项目内的其他研究。来自地理信息系统数据库的数据也将被其他研究人员用于水文模型、微量气体通量的地形模型和将样地测量比例尺定为区域比例尺的算法。

This component of the Arctic System Science (ARCSS) Land/Atmosphere/Ice Interactions (LAII) Flux Study research will (1) develop Geographic Information System (GIS) databases at five scales (1:10, 1:500, 1:5000, 1:25,000, and 1:250,000) and at five sites; (2) develop an understanding of the relationship between vegetation signals and key terrain parameters; and (3) develop a method to use remotely-sensed images and GIS variables to distinguish key vegetation parameters for spatial models of trace-gas fluxes. One task will be the development of methane and CO2 flux maps at multiple scales of the Toolik Lake-Imnavait Creek region, using; (1) an empirical approach based on field measurements of trace-gas fluxes in a hierarchy of vegetation types, and (2) a modeled approach using a variety of remotely sensed satellite data. Measurements of vegetation, biomass, soil, site, and spectral reflectance characteristics will be made at permanent study plots representing the majority of landscape variation. Trace-gas measurements by other investigators at the same sites and GIS databases will be used to extrapolate this information to landscape and regional scales. Permanently marked 1 x 1 km grids at the five study areas will be used as a sampling framework for much of this research (e.g. monitoring trends in species composition and canopy structure in relation to landscape variables and climate change) and other research within the project. Data from GIS databases will also be used by other investigators in hydrology models, terrain models of trace-gas fluxes, and algorithms to scale plot-level measurements to regional scales.