GIS Based Exposure for Childhood Cancer Studies

描述(由申请人提供)：拟议研究的总体目标是(1)改进潜在暴露的模型，以用于 源自地理信息的环境流行病学 系统(地理信息系统)和(2)，以评估应用该新技术的可行性 中国儿童癌症病例对照研究的暴露指数 宾夕法尼亚州西南部地区。拟议的研究将完成。 在以下具体目标下：(1)基于地理信息系统的潜在接触指数 来自危险来源的物质将被提炼，以用于新的和正在进行的环境 流行病学研究。新的方法使用方向依赖的风玫瑰 与有毒物质排放的各种组合的频率和风速 数量、排放毒性和频率计算指数 来自危险来源的潜在接触。(2)潜在暴露指数 将在#年计算行政区域(人口普查区域和区块) 与宾夕法尼亚州西南部计算的指数进行比较 等密度人口中心和随机分布的区域。(3)站立 -将创建单独的算法，用于以其他为中心的地理信息系统数据库 使用基于地理信息系统的癌症地图集确定感兴趣的区域。(4)A类 儿童癌症在中国六县地区的同时可行性研究 宾夕法尼亚州西南部将上演。研究的这一部分将 确定以医院为基础的病例相关信息的可访问性 并制定必要的机制，以便 使用新的潜在暴露进行一项全面的病例对照研究 指数。基于地理信息系统的潜在暴露指数 可在地理上参考，以用于一般基于GIS的健康研究 并且还直接链接到各个案例和控件的坐标 在疾病的特定研究中。当暴露估计与 地理参考健康数据，例如发表在癌症地图集上的数据， 这将为(1)筛查研究提供有效的工具 与疾病有关的环境暴露和(2)提供相对暴露 在疾病病例对照研究中对个体进行测量。总体而言， 简化的潜在暴露指数将改善两个环境 流行病学研究和疾病控制方面的监测。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The overall objectives of the proposed research are (1) to refine models of potential exposures for use in environmental epidemiology that are derived from Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and (2) to assess the feasibility of application of the novel exposure indices to a case-control study of childhood cancers in the Southwestern Pennsylvania region. The proposed research will be accomplished under the following specific aims: (1) a GIS-based, index of potential exposure from hazardous sources will be refined for use in new and ongoing environmental epidemiology studies. The novel approach uses directionally-dependent wind rose frequencies and wind velocity in various combinations with toxic emission quantities, emission toxicities and frequencies to calculate an index of potential exposure from hazardous sources. (2) The potential exposure indices will be calculated for administrative regions (census tracts and blocks) in Southwestern Pennsylvania and compared with the indices calculated for iso-density population centers and randomly distributed regions. (3) Stand -alone algorithms will be created for use with GIS databases centered on other regions of interest identified using the GIS-based Atlas of Cancer. (4) A concurrent feasibility study for childhood cancer in a six-county region of Southwestern Pennsylvania will be performed. This portion of the study will determine the accessibility of relevant information for hospital-based cases and controls in the six-county region and develop the necessary mechanisms for mounting a full-scale case-control study using the novel potential exposure indices. The GIS-derived potential exposure indices derived in this research can be geographically referenced for use in GIS-based health studies in general and also directly linked with the coordinates of individual cases and controls in specific studies of disease. When the exposure estimates are coupled with geographically-reference health data, such as published in the Atlas of Cancer, this will crate an effective tool for (1) screening studies linking environmental exposures with disease and (2) providing a relative exposure measure for individuals in case-control studies of disease. Overall, the simplified potential exposure indices will improve both environmental epidemiological studies and the monitoring for purposes of disease control.