NNA Track 1: Landscape evolution and adapting to change in ice-rich permafrost systems

NNA 轨道 1：地貌演变和适应富含冰的永久冻土系统的变化

• 批准号: 1928237
• 负责人: Donald Walker
• 金额: $ 300万
• 依托单位: University of Alaska Fairbanks Campus
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-09-15 至 2024-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1928237&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: NNA; Track; Landscape; evolution; adapting

Navigating the New Arctic (NNA) is one of NSF's 10 Big Ideas. NNA projects address convergence scientific challenges in the rapidly changing Arctic. The Arctic research is needed to inform the economy, security and resilience of the Nation, the larger region and the globe. NNA empowers new research partnerships from local to international scales, diversifies the next generation of Arctic researchers, and integrates the co-production of knowledge. This award fulfills part of that aim.Ice-rich permafrost is ground that is frozen all year round for two or more years and contains particularly large amounts of water that will be released upon thawing. This ice is the element of Arctic landscapes most susceptible to climate warming. Nearly 50% of the Arctic has ice-rich permafrost. For example, the upper 4-5 meters of the land along Alaska's northern coast contains an estimated 77% ice. Thawing of ice-rich permafrost affects entire arctic ecosystems and makes the ground unstable to build upon. Thus, ice-rich permafrost is conceived as having a role similar to that of a 'keystone species' in ecology, whereby if the keystone element is removed or drastically reduced, the entire system is radically changed. To better understand the intricate connections between the ice-rich permafrost and the larger arctic human-ecological system, this project is exploring how differences in climate, snow, water, level of disturbance, and time influence the accumulation and loss of ground ice in permafrost landscapes and how people and their infrastructure can adapt to changing ice-rich permafrost. The goal is to understand ice-rich permafrost at local, regional, and circumpolar scales. The project will focus in the Prudhoe Bay oilfield and the village of Point Lay, Alaska, where permafrost temperatures are changing rapidly and there are large impacts to ecosystems, industrial infrastructure, and local communities. Both areas contain excellent examples of ice-rich permafrost-related problems relevant to many other areas of Alaska and circumpolar Arctic, so the work will have broad applications elsewhere. Three ice-rich permafrost observatories are proposed: 1) a Roadside Ice-rich Permafrost Observatory in the Prudhoe Bay Oilfield; 2) a Natural Ice-rich Permafrost Observatory remote from infrastructure; and 3) a Village Ice-rich Permafrost Observatory at Point Lay. Ground-level observations of ground ice, hydrology, vegetation, and greenhouse-gas fluxes are being conducted and remote sensing is being used to measure and monitor changes from space. Much of the response to infrastructure damage caused by severe thermokarst (thaw-related subsidence of the ground surface) is repair and stabilization of existing structures. There is an immediate need to develop more strategic approaches to mitigate damage and adapt to change. Point Lay, Alaska, is experiencing some of the most severe ice-rich permafrost-related impacts of any place in the Arctic but has received relatively little research and agency attention. Researchers from the University of Alaska's Institute of Arctic Biology, Institute of Northern Engineering, and Geophysical Institute are working together with the Cold Climate Housing Research Center (CCHRC), the Point Lay community, the Regional Housing Authority, and North Slope Borough to address these issues. Wherever possible the team are using local experience with ice-rich permafrost to help develop housing strategies relevant to many arctic villages facing similar impacts. The project partners are working with local residents, government agencies, the oil industry, and the Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities to develop best practices for road and house construction and related education materials. A post-doctoral student, a graduate student, and two undergraduate students will be part of the research team. The results will be communicated to circumpolar communities and the broader public and through the Rapid Arctic Transitions due to Infrastructure and Climate (RATIC) action group of the International Arctic Science Committee (IASC) and the Terrestrial Multidisciplinary distributed Observatories for the Study of Arctic Connections (T-MOSAiC).This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

新北极航行（NNA）是NSF的十大创意之一。NNA项目解决快速变化的北极地区的趋同科学挑战。北极研究需要为国家、更大地区和地球仪的经济、安全和复原力提供信息。NNA授权从地方到国际规模的新研究伙伴关系，使下一代北极研究人员多样化，并整合知识的共同生产。这个奖项实现了这一目标的一部分。富含冰的永久冻土层是一年四季冻结两年或两年以上的土地，含有特别大量的水，一旦融化就会释放出来。这种冰是北极景观中最容易受到气候变暖影响的元素。近50%的北极地区拥有富含冰的永久冻土。例如，阿拉斯加北方海岸沿着4-5米的陆地上估计有77%的冰。富含冰的永久冻土层的融化会影响整个北极的生态系统，并使地面不稳定，无法建造。因此，富含冰的永久冻土被认为具有类似于生态学中的“关键物种”的作用，如果关键元素被移除或急剧减少，整个系统就会发生根本性的变化。为了更好地了解富冰永冻土和更大的北极人类生态系统之间的复杂联系，该项目正在探索气候，雪，水，干扰水平和时间的差异如何影响永冻土景观中地面冰的积累和损失，以及人们和他们的基础设施如何适应不断变化的富冰永冻土。其目标是了解冰丰富的永久冻土在当地，区域和极地尺度。该项目将集中在普鲁德霍湾油田和阿拉斯加州的Point Lay村，那里的永久冻土温度正在迅速变化，对生态系统、工业基础设施和当地社区都有很大的影响。这两个地区都包含了与阿拉斯加和北极圈许多其他地区相关的富冰永冻层相关问题的优秀例子，因此这项工作将在其他地方得到广泛应用。提出了三个富冰永久冻土观测站：1）普鲁德霍湾油田的路边富冰永久冻土观测站; 2）远离基础设施的天然富冰永久冻土观测站; 3）Point Lay的村庄富冰永久冻土观测站。目前正在对地面冰、水文、植被和温室气体通量进行地面观测，并利用遥感从空间测量和监测变化。对严重热岩溶（与解冻相关的地表沉降）造成的基础设施损坏的大部分反应是修复和稳定现有结构。迫切需要制定更具战略性的办法，以减轻损害和适应变化。阿拉斯加州的Point Lay正在经历北极任何地方最严重的冰丰富的永久冻土相关影响，但受到的研究和机构关注相对较少。来自阿拉斯加大学北极生物学研究所、北方工程研究所和地球物理研究所的研究人员正在与寒冷气候住房研究中心（CCHRC）、Point Lay社区、地区住房管理局和北坡自治市合作解决这些问题。只要有可能，该团队正在利用当地在富含冰的永久冻土方面的经验，帮助制定与许多面临类似影响的北极村庄相关的住房战略。该项目的合作伙伴正在与当地居民、政府机构、石油行业以及阿拉斯加交通和公共设施部合作，为道路和房屋建设以及相关教育材料制定最佳实践。一名博士后学生，一名研究生和两名本科生将成为研究团队的一部分。研究结果将通过国际北极科学委员会（IASC）的基础设施和气候导致的北极快速过渡行动小组和北极联系研究陆地多学科分布式观测站传达给极地社区和更广泛的公众该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Yedoma Cryostratigraphy of Recently Excavated Sections of the CRREL Permafrost Tunnel Near Fairbanks, Alaska

• DOI: 10.3389/feart.2021.758800
• 发表时间: 2022-03
• 期刊: Southeastern Archaeology
• 作者: M. Kanevskiy;Y. Shur;N. Bigelow;K. Bjella;T. Douglas;David H. Fortier;B. Jones;M. Jorgenson

Tundra greenness

苔原绿度

• DOI: 10.1175/bams-d-20-0086
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
• 影响因子: 8
• 作者: Frost, G. V.

Yedoma Permafrost Genesis: Over 150 Years of Mystery and Controversy

耶多玛永久冻土层的起源：150 多年的谜团和争议

• DOI: 10.3389/feart.2021.757891
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Frontiers in Earth Science
• 影响因子: 2.9
• 作者: Shur, Yuri;Fortier, Daniel;Jorgenson, M. Torre;Kanevskiy, Mikhail;Schirrmeister, Lutz;Strauss, Jens;Vasiliev, Alexander;Ward Jones, Melissa
• 通讯作者: Ward Jones, Melissa

Consequences of permafrost degradation for Arctic infrastructure – bridging the model gap between regional and engineering scales

• DOI: 10.5194/tc-15-2451-2021
• 发表时间: 2021-05
• 期刊: The Cryosphere
• 作者: Thomas Schneider von Deimling;Hanna Lee;T. Ingeman‐Nielsen;S. Westermann;V. Romanovsky;S. Lamoureux;D. Walker;S. Chadburn;E. Trochim;L. Cai;Jan Nitzbon;S. Jacobi;M. Langer

A raster version of the Circumpolar Arctic Vegetation Map (CAVM)

• DOI: 10.1016/j.rse.2019.111297
• 发表时间: 2019-10-01
• 期刊: REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT
• 影响因子: 13.5
• 作者: Raynolds, Martha K.;Walker, Donald A.;Troeva, Elena
• 通讯作者: Troeva, Elena