Congruence in Codeswitching and the Nature of Lexical Entries

摘要本课题研究本质编码转换的结构约束。具体来说，研究人员将收集和分析自然语言中某些特定语言对的内在代码转换，这些语言对有的在美国，有的在非洲或欧洲。之所以选择这些语言对，是因为它们的词汇项目结构的明显差异将检验本文所包含的假设。虽然这项研究将进一步加深我们对内在代码转换的认识，但更重要的是它将在某种普遍意义上提供关于词汇条目性质的信息。这些信息可以从代码转换数据中获得，因为包含代码转换的句子的存在似乎取决于所涉及的语言之间关于词汇-概念结构和谓词-参数结构的兼容性。反过来，在代码转换中发挥这些兼容性，为语言结构的关键理论主张的可行性提供了一个独特的可用的“经验窗口”。该提议的八个假设扩展了码转换的矩阵语言框架模型（Myers-Scotton 1993b）中的分析。在这种模式下，参与码换的语言中有一种语言（矩阵语言）在构建码换话语方面占主导地位。较不占优势的语言被称为嵌入式语言。在这个模型中，内容类别和功能类别之间的区别也很重要。虽然该模型成功地预测了矩阵语言准备的句子框架中的嵌入式语言材料的形式，但它并没有足够的约束来解释为什么会出现一种选择而不是另一种选择，以及嵌入式语言材料采取的形式。本提案中的假设提供了必要的约束。这项研究将为支持或反对词汇条目抽象特征的本质理论提供证据，包括语义内容，以及它们与实际发生形式的关系。此外，研究结果可能为心理语言学的语言生成建模提供动机，特别是关于心理词汇中引理条目的性质。最后，项目有一个物质目标。它将提供各种编码转换数据的大型计算机数据库。预计收集初步分析、输入数据库、正式分析和提出这项研究的结果将需要三年时间。＊＊＊

9319780 MYERS-SCOTTON ABSTRACT This a project to investigate the structural constraints on intrasentential codeswitching. Specifically, the investigators will collect and analyze intrasentential codeswitching in naturally-occurring languages in particular language pairs, some in the United States and others in Africa or Europe. The language pairs have been selected because apparent differences in the structure of their lexical items will test the hypotheses contained herein. While this study will further our knowledge about intrasentential codeswitching, it is more important for the information it will provide about the nature of lexical entries in some universal sense. This information becomes available from codeswitching data because the existence of sentences containing codeswitching seems to depend on compatibilities between the languages involved regarding Lexical-Conceptual Structures and Predicate-Argument Structures. The playing out of these compatibilities in codeswitching, in turn, provides a uniquely available 'empirical window' on the viability of key theoretical claims about the structure of language. The proposal's eight hypotheses extend the analysis found in the Matrix Language Frame Model of codeswitching (Myers-Scotton 1993b). Under this model, one of the languages participating in codeswitching is more dominant (the Matrix Language) in structuring codeswitching utterances. The less dominant language is called the Embedded Language. The distinction between content and functional categories is also critical in this model. While that model successfully predicts the form of Embedded Language material in sentential frames prepared by the Matrix Language, it is not sufficiently constrained to explain why one option rather than another occurs and the form which Embedded Language material takes. The hypotheses in this proposal provide necessary constraints. This research will provide evidence for or agai nst theories about the nature of the abstract features of lexical entries, including semantic content, and their relation to actually occurring forms. In addition, the results may provide motivations for language production modeling in psycholinguistics, especially in regard to the nature of lemma entries in the mental lexicon. Finally, the project has a material objective. It will provide a large-scale computerized data base of diverse codeswitching data. It is expected that collecting preliminary analysis, data base entry, formal analysis, and a presentation of the results of this study will require three years. ***