Resistance and Rebellion in Black South Africa, 1830-1920

9320149 COMAROFF, John COMAROFF， Jean这个项目将研究1830-1920年间，南非黑人，尤其是南茨瓦纳人民对殖民统治的各种形式的抵抗；它还将探讨这些形式的抵抗如何为当今的民主斗争奠定基础。这项研究将以比较为重点，将“抵抗”视为一系列策略的集合，从日常的拒绝行为到另类戏剧、恐怖狂欢、叛乱和社会运动，再到正式的政治组织。在探索南非黑人反抗统治者的条件，以及描述他们反抗的手段的过程中，这项研究试图回答一些关于反抗本质的问题。在什么情况下，被剥夺权力的人民在法律中寻求补救和纠正？他们什么时候以及为什么会诉诸其他手段，非法或合法的手段？某些形式的不服从是鼓励还是阻碍其他形式的不服从？在抗议的动机和决定其历史意义方面，意识和意图的作用是什么？是否有可能超越一种纯粹被动的反抗观，去把握其手段和目的的主动文化建构？我们如何理解社会阶级、民族、种族、性别和世代在抵抗中的作用？调查将包括对文献资料的分析，辅以在南部非洲和英国的采访。其成果将是一本书，是大规模研究殖民主义的社会和政治影响的第三本书。

9320149 COMAROFF, John COMAROFF, Jean This project will examine the various forms of resistance that arose among black South Africans, and especially the Southern Tswana peoples, in response to colonial overrule, 1830-1920; it will also explore how these forms of resistance laid a basis for present-day struggles toward democracy. The study, which will have a strongly comparative focus, conceives of "resistance" as an ensemble of strategies, a continuum ranging from everyday acts of refusal through dramas of alterity, carnivals of terror, rebellions and social movements, to formal political organizations. In exploring the conditions under which black South Africans have defied those who rule them, and in describing the means by which they have done so, the study seeks to answer a number of questions about the nature of resistance. In what circumstances do disempowered peoples seek remedy and redress in the law? When and why do they resort to other means, means either illegal or alegal? Do some forms of insubordination encourage or preclude others? What is the role of consciousness and intention in the motivation of protest--and in determining its historical significance? Is it possible to move beyond a purely reactive view of defiance to grasp the active cultural construction of its means and ends? How do we understand the roles of social class, ethnicity, race, gender, and generation in resistance? The investigation will involve the analysis of documentary sources, supplemented by interviews, in Southern Africa and Britain. The product will be a book, the third in a large-scale study of the social and political effects of colonialism.