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The Prestes Column Rebellion: An Interior History of Brazil

普雷斯特斯柱叛乱：巴西的内部历史

基本信息

批准号：
AH/T010711/1
负责人：
Jacob Blanc
金额：
$ 20.85万
依托单位：
University of Edinburgh
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Fellowship
财政年份：
2020
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2020 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FT010711%2F1
关键词：
Prestes Column Rebellion Interior History

项目摘要

For hundreds of years, a popular saying in Brazil has described society as 'crabs clinging to the coast'. In this view, only the coastal regions-and their European-descendant elites-were deemed capable of developing a modern and civilised nation. Brazil's interior, in contrast, was largely imagined as a space of savagery and poverty, useful only for its natural resources and its labour. As a result, the so-called 'backlands' have long been stuck in the periphery of the national imaginary, marginalised by the alleged superiority of cities near the coast such as Rio de Janeiro, Salvador, and São Paulo.To challenge the traditional narrative between coast and interior, this project re-examines Brazilian history from the inside, a framework that I call 'interior history'. Seeking to invert the conceptual and geographic boundaries often used to study the history of Brazil-and also of Latin America more broadly-I show how the people and spaces of the interior have been central to the development of national identities, politics, and culture.My interior history of Brazil focuses on a single emblematic case study: the Prestes Column rebellion. From 1924 to 1927, a band of roughly a thousand military rebels led by Luiz Carlos Prestes marched 25,000 kilometres across Brazil's vast interior regions. The rebels-known as tenentes, or lieutenants-did not succeed in toppling the government, but their inadvertent journey into the interior elevated the profiles of a new generation of military leaders and set in motion a regime change only a few years later. This period coincided with the rise of mass-distribution newspapers, and the Prestes Column became one of Brazil's first events to be followed in real time by national audiences. And because the tenentes glorified their experience in the interior-'we spent two years amongst the people, we saw poverty, we know the real Brazil'-the Column leaders were able to use the idea of the interior to justify their claim to political power. Yet this mythic status distracts from the actual experience of populations living in the interior and, moreover, it legitimised the often-violent and condescending actions of the rebels. By studying both how the mythology came to be and also what that process rendered invisible, my history of the Prestes Column reveals how the backlands were central to the contradictory formation of modern Brazil.Along with a book on the Prestes Column and a journal issue on interior history in Latin America, I will produce an interactive digital map. This bilingual visualisation tool will allow users in Brazil and abroad to trace the progress of the Prestes Column and to explore the local communities across the interior. The map will include details such as battles and troop movement, and also images of what the different locations looks like today. This contemporary view is especially useful for seeing the memory sites that have been built along the march, ranging from large-scale public commemorations to tombstones and small monuments for both the rebels and the soldiers that fought against them. The website will also have an open-source feature, where public users can offer their own contributions such as sharing family photos or local folklore about the Column's passage.The online map has acquired even greater importance in the aftermath of the devastating fire at the National Museum in Rio de Janeiro in August 2018. Along with providing an innovative tool to study the Prestes Column, the map will serve as a digital guide for documents relating to the history of Brazil's interior. This will include archival material as well as the public contributions-a form of 'citizen science' for humanities research. The tragic fire has accelerated the network-building amongst archivists, scholars, and museum curators, and my digital map of the Prestes Column seeks to join this important movement by offering an accessible platform for historical patrimony and public engagement.

数百年来，巴西有一句流行的说法，将社会描述为“粘在海岸上的螃蟹”。在这种观点中，只有沿海地区和他们的欧洲后裔精英被认为有能力发展一个现代和文明的国家。相比之下，巴西的内陆在很大程度上被认为是一个野蛮和贫穷的地方，只对其自然资源和劳动力有用。因此，所谓的“内陆地区”长期以来一直被困在国家想象的边缘，被里约热内卢、萨尔瓦多和<s:1>圣保罗等沿海城市所谓的优势所边缘化。为了挑战沿海和内陆之间的传统叙事，这个项目从内部重新审视了巴西的历史，我称之为“内部历史”的框架。为了颠覆通常用于研究巴西历史的概念和地理界限，以及更广泛的拉丁美洲历史，我展示了内部的人和空间如何成为国家认同、政治和文化发展的核心。我的巴西内部历史集中在一个具有象征意义的案例研究上：普雷斯特斯纵队叛乱。从1924年到1927年，一支由路易斯·卡洛斯·普雷斯特斯（Luiz Carlos Prestes）领导的大约1000人的军队在巴西广阔的内陆地区行军了25000公里。这些被称为“tenentes”或“中尉”的叛乱分子没有成功推翻政府，但他们无意中进入了内陆，提升了新一代军事领导人的形象，并在短短几年后启动了政权更迭。这一时期恰逢大规模发行报纸的兴起，presstes专栏成为巴西第一个被全国观众实时关注的事件之一。因为游击队员美化了他们在内陆的经历——“我们在人民中间呆了两年，我们看到了贫穷，我们了解了真正的巴西”——纵队的领导人能够利用内陆的概念来证明他们对政治权力的要求是正当的。然而，这种神话般的地位分散了生活在内陆人口的实际经验，而且，它使叛乱分子经常暴力和居高俯下的行为合法化。通过研究神话是如何形成的，以及这个过程使什么变得不可见，我的普雷斯特斯专栏的历史揭示了内陆地区是如何成为现代巴西矛盾形成的核心。除了一本关于presstes专栏的书和一本关于拉丁美洲室内历史的期刊外，我还将制作一张交互式数字地图。这个双语可视化工具将允许巴西国内外用户追踪presstes专栏的进展，并探索内陆地区的当地社区。该地图将包括战斗和部队调动等细节，以及不同地点今天的样子。这种当代视角对于观察沿着游行路线修建的纪念场所尤其有用，从大规模的公共纪念场所到墓碑和纪念叛军和与叛军作战的士兵的小型纪念碑。该网站还将有一个开源功能，公众用户可以提供他们自己的贡献，比如分享家庭照片或关于专栏文章的当地民间传说。在2018年8月里约热内卢国家博物馆发生毁灭性火灾之后，在线地图变得更加重要。除了提供研究Prestes专栏的创新工具外，该地图还将作为与巴西内陆历史相关文件的数字指南。这将包括档案材料和公众贡献——一种人文科学研究的“公民科学”形式。这场惨烈的火灾加速了档案工作者、学者和博物馆策展人之间的网络建设，我的普莱斯专栏数字地图试图通过为历史遗产和公众参与提供一个可访问的平台来加入这一重要运动。