Development and Implementation of a U.S. Program in Marine Biotoxins and Harmful Algae

9321244安德森海洋生物毒素和有害藻类对整个美国的人类健康和渔业资源构成了重大且不断扩大的威胁。这个问题有多种形式，从大规模的“赤潮”或使水变色的细胞大量繁殖，到稀释、不显眼的细胞浓度，仅仅是因为这些细胞中含有的高度有效的毒素造成的伤害。影响包括野生和养殖鱼类的集体道德，人类中毒和受污染的贝类或鱼类死亡，海洋营养结构的改变，以及海洋哺乳动物、海鸟和其他动物的死亡。在过去的二十年里，这个问题在美国的性质和程度已经大大增加，但不幸的是，我们的国家研究、监测和监管基础设施没有为应对这一日益扩大的威胁做好充分的准备。为了缓解这一问题，国家和国际社会正在努力制定和实施科学计划，以处理涉及的许多复杂问题。这项提案寻求NOAA和NSF为私人投资提供资金，以协助发展和协调这些活动。这将包括继续以美国代表的身份参加由ICES、IOC、Westpac和SCOR召集的国际研讨会和研究小组。在美国国内，活动将包括规划和咨询活动，以支持海洋生物毒素和有害藻类特设机构间工作队；通过国际海洋学和环境科学中心特殊藻华信息交流协调中心汇编水华报告；组织讲习班，为有害藻华的生态学和海洋学研究制定详细的科学计划。

9321244 Anderson Marine biotoxins and harmful algae represents a significant and expanding threat to human health and fisheries resources throughout the United States. This problem takes many forms, ranging from massive "red tides" or blooms of cells that discolor the water to dilute, inconspicuous concentrations of cells noticed only because of the harm caused by the highly potent toxins contained in those cells. Impacts include mass moralities of wild and farmed fish, human intoxication's and death from contaminated shellfish or fish, alterations of marine trophic structure, and death from marine mammals, seabirds, and other animals. The nature and extent of the problem has increased considerably over the last two decades in the United States, but unfortunately, our national research, monitoring, and regulatory infrastructure is not adequately prepared to meet this expanding threat. To alleviate this problem, national and international efforts underway to develop and implement science programs to deal with the many complex issues that are involved. This proposal seeks funds from NOAA and NSF for the P.I. to assist in the development and coordination of these activities. This will involve continued participation as the U.S. representative at international workshops and study groups convened by ICES, IOC, WESTPAC and SCOR. Within the United States, activities will include planning and advisory activities in support of an Ad Hoc Interagency Task Force on Marine Biotoxins and Harmful Algae, compilation of bloom reports through the ICES Coordinating Center for the Exchange of Information on Exceptional algal Blooms, and the organization of a workshop to formulate a detailed science plan for research on the ecology and oceanography of harmful algal blooms.