Travel Support for U.S. Participation in the Advance Study Institute, "The Physics of Ice-Covered Seas", June 1994, Savonlinna, Finland

9408647斯皮尔豪斯该奖项将资助大约10名美国科学家于1994年6月6-17日前往芬兰的北约冰盖海洋物理学高级研究所。南极和北极的冰盖海洋被认为是全球气候变化的重要组成部分，因为海冰的存在或不存在对地表反照率、地表温度、水汽通量和低云量有巨大影响。有可能存在一个正反馈循环，因为海冰的减少产生了较低的反照率，从而导致表面进一步变暖。此外，海冰的形成对海洋产生了深远的影响，因为它破坏了表层的稳定，并促进了通常仅略微稳定的区域的深层垂直对流。科学上，ASI由IUGG国际海洋物理科学协会和IUGG海洋研究科学委员会赞助。***

9408647 Spilhaus This award will support the travel of approximately ten U.S. scientists to the NATO Advanced Study Institute (ASI) on the Physics of Ice-Covered Seas, June 6-17, 1994, in Finland. Ice-covered seas in the antarctic and the arctic are thought to be important components in global climatic change, since the presence or absence of sea ice has an enormous effect on the surface albedo, surface temperature, water vapor flux, and low cloud amount. It is possible that a positive feedback loop exists in that the reduction of sea ice produces a lowered albedo, which leads to further surface warming. The formation of sea ice moreover has profound oceanic effects by destabilizing the surface layers and promoting deep vertical convection in regions that are normally only marginally stable. Scientifically the ASI is sponsored by the IUGG International Association of the Physical Sciences of the Ocean, and the IUGG Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research. ***