Processes Affecting Material Transport to the Oceans from Arctic-Subarctic Watershed, from Direct Groundwater Discharge and through Lagoonal Systems

[9415789]影响物质从北极-亚北极流域、从地下水直接排放和通过泻湖系统向海洋运输的WINDOM过程在理解与物质跨陆海边界运输相关的生物地球化学过程方面存在许多空白。这些空白包括缺乏以下数据：1)不同形态气候带的小流域及其相对于大流域向海洋输送物质的能力/效率；2)通过泻湖河口系统输送物质，其混合速率缓慢且混合带大；3)地下水中物质向沿海水域的输入。为了解决这些问题，研究人员建议通过对三种研究不足的系统进行调查，目的如下：A)更好地了解北极-亚北极风化产生的产物，这些物质（主要微量元素）在淡水-海水混合带中的命运，以及该形态气候带较小河流对海洋通量的相对贡献。这些研究将在俄罗斯东北部的阿纳德尔河-河口系统进行。B)确定通过泻湖河口控制微量元素通量的主要生物地球化学相互作用，利用此类系统中物质混合速率慢/停留时间长的优势，更好地解决低盐度区域混合过程中溶质-主质变量关系。巴西南部的帕托斯泻湖将为这些调查人员提供现场。C)确定与佛罗里达含水层有关的地下风化产物的组成和浓度，并调查影响微量元素进入海洋环境后命运的生物地球化学过程。淡水泉，直接排放到西佛罗里达大陆架的沿海水域，以及邻近的沿海水域将为这些研究提供场地。

9415789 WINDOM Processes affecting material transport to the oceans from Arctic- Subarctic Watersheds, from direct groundwater discharge and through Lagoon Systems A number of gaps exist in the understanding of biogeochemical processes associated with the transport of material across the land-sea boundary. Among these gaps are lack of data on: 1) small watersheds of different morphoclimatic zones and their ability/efficiency, relative to larger watersheds, to transport materials to the oceans, 2) transport of material through lagoonal estuarine systems, the mixing rates of which are slow and the mixing zones large, and 3) inputs of material to coastal waters in groundwater. Research is proposed to address these gaps through investigations on three types of under-studied systems with the following objectives: A) To obtain a better understanding of products resulting from arctic-subarctic weathering, the fate of these materials (primary trace elements) in the freshwater-seawater mixing zone and relative contribution of fluxes to the ocean from smaller rivers of this morphoclimatic zone. These studies will be carried out in the Anadyr river-estuary system in Northeastern Russia. B) To identify the major biogeochemical interactions that control trace element fluxes through a lagoonal estuary, taking advantage of the slow mixing rate/long residence times of materials in such systems to obtain better resolution of solute-master variable relationships during mixing in the low salinity region. The Patos Lagoons, in Southern Brazil will provide the field site for these investigators. C) To determine the composition and concentrations of subterranean weathering products associated with the Floridan Aquifer and to investigate biogeochemical processes that influence the fate of trace elements upon entering the marine environment. Freshwater springs, which discharge directly into coastal waters of the West Florida shelf, and the adjacent coastal waters will pr ovide the site for these studies.