Social Processes in Exchange Networks

这是一个研究交换网络中的社会过程。 它将基于理论的权力和社会交换研究扩展到其他基本的社会学和社会心理学过程：地位，分配正义和合法性。 这项研究的基础，网络交换理论已被测试主要是在一个专门类型的实验交换设置，在网络中链接的代理人在各种条件下，管理交易的资源池进行谈判。 这项新的研究将通过开发和测试更类似于社会中发现的交换环境来扩大网络交换理论的范围。 为此，研究人员将调整他们的实验范式，以允许有价值的资源在不同的网络位置进入交换系统，并在交换发生时通过网络移动。 因此，网络中的智能体参与了一种资源与另一种资源的真正交换，而不是以前实验中简单的单一资源池划分。 在校准新的设置并使用不同的网络结构进行测试后，研究人员将整合社会过程。 地位、分配公平和合法性都被预测对交换网络中的资源分配有特定的、独立的影响。 这些都是通过它们对谈判策略和交换结果的评估的影响而发生的，并由理论建模。 %%% 这组实验是关于社会资本的基础科学研究，社会资本是个人根据在社会网络中的地位和社会地位获得资源的能力。 因此，这是对有关人力资本的基本知识基础的一种贡献，它测试和发展了关于个人技能和动机以外的因素如何影响个人收入和职业的正式模式。

This is a study of social processes in exchange networks. It extends a program of theory-based investigations on power and social exchange into other fundamental sociological and social psychological processes: status, distributive justice, and legitimacy. The foundation for this research, Network Exchange Theory has been tested chiefly within a specialized type of experimental exchange setting in which agents linked in networks negotiate over pools of resources under various conditions that govern transactions. This new research will broaden the scope of Network Exchange Theory by developing and testing exchange settings more akin to those found in society. To this end, the researchers will adapt their experimental paradigm to permit valued resources to enter the exchange system at different network locations, and to move through the network as exchanges transpire. Agents in the network thus engage in true exchanges of one type of resource for another, rather than the simpler single-resource pool-divisions of previous experiments. After calibrating the new setting and running tests with different network structures, the researchers will integrate the social processes. Status, distributive justice, and legitimacy are all predicted to have specific, independent effects on resource distribution in exchange networks. These occur through their influence on negotiation tactics and evaluations of exchange outcomes, and are modeled by the theory. %%% This set of experiments is fundamental scientific research on social capital, the capacity to gain resources that an individual may have on the basis of position in a social network and of socially-ascribed status. Thus it is a contribution to the fundamental knowledge base concerning human capital, testing and developing formal models of how factors beyond individual skill and motivation may affect the incomes and careers of individuals.