Cooperative Research: Local Tsunami Effects and Their Mitigation Measures

发生在海底的地震使构造板块运动区域上方的整个水柱运动，产生海啸(地震海浪)。这样的海浪在靠近海岸时，可以达到10米以上的高度，并可能造成大范围的洪水、财产损失和生命损失。这一行动是为了支持一项全面的研究计划，以了解当地海啸对人造和自然结构的影响。特别强调了解海啸与建筑物之间的相互作用，以便采取有效的减轻损害措施。该计划包括由南方卫理公会大学、华盛顿大学和城市区域研究中心的研究团队分别进行的计算、实验和缓解措施。采用南方卫理公会大学开发的用于数值模拟波浪及其与建筑物相互作用的新的稳健方法，对沿海建筑物及其周围的暂态海啸流进行了模拟。华盛顿大学开发的高灵敏度电容式波浪仪和光学水面剖面仪被用于在专门的三维波浪盆地中进行海啸实验。城市区域研究在海啸破坏评估和确定脆弱性模式方面的直接实地经验指导着计算和实验研究。这一合作努力使制定海啸缓解措施成为可能。这套实验室实验和数值模拟非常简单，可以探索海啸对建筑物作用的基本物理原理。同时，试验设置和问题选择具有一定的现实性，为岸线建筑物的设计和改造提供了手段。在整个研究过程中，充分利用了研究团队的多学科性质。对实际海啸事件的分析通过将拟议的调查重点放在减少海啸危险方面最实际和最相关的问题，从而指导数字和实验工作。拟议研究的预期主要影响是减轻海啸事件的破坏性后果，包括生命损失、财产破坏、环境破坏、经济混乱和社会混乱。

Earthquakes which occur on ocean floors set in motion the entire water column above the region of tectonic plate motion, generating a tsunami (seismic sea wave). Such waves, when approaching shore, can reach a height of more than 10 meters and can cause extensive flooding, property damage, and the loss of human lives. This action is to support a comprehensive research program to understand local tsunami effects on man-made and natural structures. Particular emphasis is placed on understanding tsunami-structure interactions that can lead to effective damage mitigation measures. The program includes computational, experimental, and mitigation components conducted by research teams at Southern Methodist University, the University of Washington, and Urban Regional Research, respectively. The new robust method for the numerical simulation of waves and their interaction with structures developed at Southern Methodist University is used to simulate transient tsunami flows over and around coastal structures. The highly sensitive capacitance-type wave gage, and the optical water-surface profiler developed at the University of Washington is used to conduct tsunami experiments in a specialized three- dimensional wave basin. The direct field experience of Urban Regional Research in the assessment of tsunami damage and the identification of vulnerability patterns guides the computational and experimental research. The collaborative effort enables the development of tsunami mitigation measures. The set of laboratory experiments and numerical simulations are sufficiently simple that the basic physics of tsunami actions on structures can be explored. At the same time, the experimental set-up and choice of problems is realistic, so that the results provide the means for the design and modification of shoreline structures. Throughout the research, full advantage is taken of the multi-disciplinary nature of the research team. The analyses of actual tsunami events guides the numerical and experimental efforts by focusing the proposed investigations on the most practical and relevant problems for tsunami hazard reduction. The intended, primary impact of the proposed research is the mitigation of the devastating consequences of tsunami events, including loss of human life, destruction of property, damage to the environment, economic disruption, and social dislocation.