The Impact of Unions on Wages and Unemployment

这是一项关于1973-1990年间18个经合组织国家工会化水平下降对劳动力市场影响的研究。尽管工会成员数量的下降已经被仔细地记录下来，但这种下降的影响之前并没有按照本文提出的方法进行分析。该研究认为，劳动力市场的趋势是工人、雇主及其代表之间政治斗争的结果。它检验了关于集中议价效应、社会民主党派选举失败、劳动力不平等加剧的假设，以及有关油价冲击和世界贸易增长的对立经济理论。工会成员和失业的相互依赖关系是通过研究人员开发的统计技术来检验的。由于在收入和就业方面可能有很强的部门趋势，这项研究补充了英国、德国和美国的比较案例研究，这些国家已有数据来审查国民经济的出口和受保护部门。这项研究将为社会资本形成的重要过程提供新的社会学和制度解释，即使不是挑战，也将补充现有的经济学解释。通过关注工人和雇主影响经济结果的斗争，它将分层研究与政治社会学联系起来，并提出了扩大经济社会学概念的可能性。

This is a study of the labor market impact resulting from declining levels of unionization in 18 OECD countries between 1973-1990. Although trade union decline in membership has been carefully recorded, the effects of that decline have not been analyzed previously in the ways proposed here. The research argues that labor market trends are the result of political struggles among workers, employers, and their representatives. It tests hypotheses about the effects of centralized bargaining, the electoral failure of social democratic parties, increased inequality in the work force, and rival economic theories about the oil price shock and the growth of world trade. The mutual dependence of union membership and unemployment is examined using statistical techniques developed by the researcher. Because of the possibility of strong sectoral trends in earnings and employment , the research is supplemented with comparative case studies of Britain, Germany, and the United States, where there are existing data to examine export and sheltered sectors of the national economies. %%% The research will offer new sociological and institutional explanations of important processes of social capital formation that will supplement, if not challenge, existing economic explanations. Through its focus on the struggles by workers and employers to affect economic outcomes, it links stratification research with political sociology and presents the possibility of an enlarged conception of economic sociology.