Industry University Cooperative Research on High Yield Syntheses of Activated Carbons

摘要-Antal-9521423 一种通过在高压下操作从生物质制造木炭的新方法使通常由工业实现的木炭产量加倍，并且能够在仅一小时的反应时间后将原木转化为木炭。 这项研究的目的是利用这一新知识，将生物质原料中活性炭的通常工业产量提高两倍。 合成高收率活性炭的技术障碍包括：（1）氧气和水蒸气气化HY活性炭的速率定律是什么？ (2)这些速率定律能否被纳入Thiele模量分析中，以确定生产具有高表面积或其他理想性能的活性炭的条件？ (3)活性炭可以在低温下合成吗？ (4)澄清剂能用来合成具有特殊性能的有价值的碳吗？ (5)什么样的反应条件能使所需碳的产率最大化？ 为了克服上述障碍，本工作将集中在以下目标：（i）从原始和预处理的生物质原料生产各种HY木炭。 (ii)确定这些HY木炭被氧气和水气化的速率定律。 (ii)使用Thiele模量分析来确定活化的有利条件。 (iv)在中高温和高压下通过蒸汽（或超临界水）中的氧气（空气）活化NY炭，以及在中高温和非常大的压力范围内通过蒸汽（或超临界水）活化NY炭。（v）测定HY活性炭的化学、物理和吸附性质。 (vi)基于上述结果的综合，确定生产产率为20%或更高的理想活性炭的条件和预处理。 两个实验测试台将用于测量动力学和活化木炭：一个大型加压填充床反应器与高压蒸汽发生器相结合，两者都设计为满足ASME规范要求，以及一个小直径填充床超临界流反应器。 与匈牙利科学院的合作者还将通过热重分析测量低压下HY木炭气化率。 这项工作代表了夏威夷大学、两个涉及回收和生物质利用的公司和一个活性炭商业来源之间的伙伴关系。 与私营企业的这种联系将确保迅速传播和利用这项研究所产生的新知识。

Abstract - Antal - 9521423 A new method for manufacturing charcoal from biomass by operating at elevated pressures doubles the yield of charcoal ordinarily realized by industry, and is able to convert wood logs to charcoal after only one hour of reaction time. This research is aimed at employing this new knowledge to triple the usual industrial yields of activated carbons from biomass feedstocks. Technical barriers to the synthesis of high yield (HY) activated carbons include: (1) What rate laws describe the gasification of HY charcoal by oxygen and steam? (2) Can these rate laws be included in a Thiele modulus analysis to define conditions which produce activated carbons with high surface areas or other desirable properties? (3) Can activated carbons be synthesized at low temperatures? (4) Can impregnants be used to synthesize valuable carbons with peculiarly desirable properties? (5) What reaction conditions maximize the yields of desirable carbons? To overcome the above barriers, this work will focus on the following objectives: (i) Produce various HY charcoals from raw and pretreated biomass feedstocks. (ii) Determine the rate laws governing gasification of these HY charcoals by oxygen and water. (ii) Use Thiele modulus analysis to identify favorable conditions for activation. (iv) Activate the NY charcoals by oxygen (air) in steam (or supercritical water) at moderate to high temperatures and elevated pressures, and by steam (or supercritical water) at moderate to high temperatures over a very large range in pressures, (v) Determine the chemical, physical, and adsorptive properties of the HY activated carbons. (vi) Based on a synthesis of the foregoing results, identify conditions and pretreatments which produce desirable activated carbons with yields of 20% or more. Two experimental testbeds will be used to measure kinetics and activate the charcoals: a large, pressurized, packed bed reactor combined with a high pressure steam generator, both designed to satisfy ASME cod e requirements, and a small diameter, packed bed, supercritical flow reactor. Collaborators with the Hungarian Academy of Sciences will also measure HY charcoal gasifications rates at low pressures by thermogravimetric analysis. This work represents a partnership between the University of Hawaii, two companies concerned with recycling and biomass utilization, and a commercial source of activated carbons. These linkages to private industry will ensure the rapid dissemination and employment of new knowledge generated by this research.