The Climatic and Environmental History of the Amazon Basin Since the Last Glacial Maximum

ATM-9528280科林沃，保罗·A·史密森学会标题：自末次冰盛期以来亚马逊盆地的气候和环境历史该奖项将有助于重建亚马逊盆地最后一次冰盛期以来的植被和气候历史。该项目的重点将是钻探岩心和对亚马逊古湖的沉积物进行花粉分析。亚马逊地区的气候历史(面积与美国大陆大致相当)是校准全球气候模型所必需的。在冰河时期，三个气候参数可能会发生变化：二氧化碳、温度和降水量。到目前为止，研究已经在热带美洲的六个地点建立了冰河时代的温度记录。花粉证据显示，温度敏感植物的温度范围发生了变化，表明温度降低了6摄氏度。这种降温还表明，热带雨林在冰川时代占据了亚马逊盆地的低地，那里的降温影响应该是最小的。通过亚马逊扇形钻取的花粉也表明，干燥的植被在冰河时代并不比今天更普遍。本项目的目标是用亚马逊河流域古代湖泊的岩心来检验这些结论。古气候和古生态重建的主要方法将是花粉分析，并通过地表花粉采样程序进行校准。这项工作将使人们能够就冰河时代的气候和世界上最多样化的森林的近代史得出可靠的一般性结论。

Abstract ATM-9528280 Colinvaux, Paul A. Smithsonian Institution Title: The Climatic and Environmental History of the Amazon Basin Since the Last Glacial Maximum This award will contribute to the reconstruction of the vegetation and climate history of the Amazon Basin at the last glacial maximum using. The project will focus on core-drilling and pollen analysis of the sediments of ancient Amazonian lakes. A climatic history of the Amazon (an area roughly as large as the continental U.S.) is necessary for calibrating global climate models. Changes in three climate parameters in ice-age time are likely: CO2, temperature, and precipitation. Research to date has developed ice-age temperature records at six sites in the tropical Americans. Pollen evidence shows changes in the range of temperature-sensitive plants suggesting cooling by 6oC. This cooling suggests also that tropical rainforest occupied the lowlands of the Amazon basin in glacial times, where the effects of cooling should have been least. Pollen from a drill core through the Amazon fan also suggests that dry vegetation was no more prevalent in the ice-age than it is today. The goal of the present project is to test these conclusions with cores from ancient lakes in the Amazon `asin. The prime method of paleoclimate and paleoecological reconstruction will be pollen analysis, calibrated by a program of surface pollen sampling. This work will allow reliable general conclusions both about the ice-age climate and the recent history of the world's most diverse forest.