Management and Scientific Service in Support of the U.S. JGOFS Southern Ocean Process Study: Hydrography, Coring and Site Survey

该研究项目是美国联合全球海洋通量研究（JGOFS）南大洋项目的一部分，旨在(1)更好地了解南大洋有机和无机碳通量，(2)确定调节这些通量的大小和变化的物理、生态和生物地球化学因素和过程，以及(3)将这些通量置于当代全球碳循环的背景下。JGOFS的总体目标是确定和了解控制碳和相关生物元素随时间变化通量的过程，并预测海洋生物地球化学过程对气候变化的响应。从南大洋的大小和其中发生的物理过程（如深水和中水的形成）来判断，南大洋在全球碳循环中是至关重要的，但其目前的定量作用是不确定的。JGOFS南大洋研究的目标如下：1)限制碳（有机和无机）的通量，并将这些通量置于当代碳循环的背景下；2)确定调节初级生产力的大小和变异以及生物物质命运的因素和过程；3)确定南大洋对自然气候扰动的响应；4)预测南大洋对气候变化的响应。为了成功地实现这些目标，我们设计了一个大型的实地项目，为不同的研究人员提供了检验与这些广泛定义的目标相关的特定假设的机会。我们预计实地测试将于1996年9月开始，并持续到1998年3月，使用两艘船，R.V. Palmer和R.V. Thompson。由于大多数调查人员将使用这些巡航的水文和营养数据，本提案要求为这13次巡航期间的营养浓度分析提供资金支持。来自不同机构的海洋专家组成了一个小组来完成这些分析；此外，将仔细审查数据的错误，并及时提供给项目中的所有PI以及有关的海洋数据存储设施。利用阿拉伯海JGOFS研究的成功模型，将水文和取心组组合在一起，并结合营养数据（由单独的提案支持），将形成南大洋JGOFS数据库的很大一部分，现场调查人员和建模人员将使用该数据库来澄清南大洋在全球碳循环中的作用。

95-30398 Anderson This research project is part of the US Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS) Southern Ocean Program aimed at (1) a better understanding of the fluxes of carbon, both organic and inorganic, in the Southern Ocean, (2) identifying the physical, ecological and biogeochemical factors and processes which regulate the magnitude and variability of these fluxes, and (3) placing these fluxes into the context of the contemporary global carbon cycle. The overall objectives of JGOFS are to determine and understand processes controlling the time-varying fluxes of carbon and associated biogenic elements, and to predict the response of marine biogeochemical processes to climate change. The Southern Ocean is critical in the global carbon cycle, as judged by its size and the physical processes which occur in it (e.g., deep and intermediate water formation), but its present quantitative role is uncertain. JGOFS objectives for the Southern Ocean study are as follows: 1) to constrain the fluxes of carbon (organic and inorganic) and to place these fluxes in the context of the contemporary carbon cycle; 2) to identify the factors and processes which regulate the magnitude and variability of primary productivity and the fate of biogenic matter; 3) to determine the response of the Southern Ocean to natural climate perturbations; and 4) to predict the response of the Southern Ocean to climate change. In order to successfully address these objectives, a large field program has been designed to provide various investigators the opportunity to test specific hypotheses which relate to these broadly-defined objectives. We expect the field test to begin in September 1996, and last through March 1998 using two ships, the R.V. Palmer, and the R.V. Thompson. As most of the investigators will use hydrographic and nutrient data from these cruises, this proposal requests funds for the support of the analysis of nutrient concentrations during these thirteen crui ses. A team of oceanographic experts from a variety of institutions has been assembled to complete these analyses; furthermore, the data will be scrutinized for errors and provided in a timely fashion to all PI's in the project, as well as to the relevant oceanographic data storage facilities. The hydrography and coring groups have been put together using the successful model for the Arabian Sea JGOFS study, and in conjunction with the nutrient data (supported under a separate proposal), will form a large portion of the Southern Ocean JGOFS database which both field investigators and modelers will use to clarify the role of the Southern Ocean in the global carbon cycle.