Latent Network Analysis of Central Processing

[9601465] SCHWEICKERT某人执行一项任务，例如在屏幕上搜索一个特定大小和形状的符号，必须进行诸如感知、记忆和决定等心理过程。在某些情况下，流程必须按照一定的顺序执行，例如当一个流程的输出是另一个流程的输入时。在其他情况下，可能有几种方法可以对流程进行排序，例如，如果要做出两个响应，并且可以选择先做出哪个响应。这些选择有时会导致调度问题。主要的调度冲突源于对工作内存空间的竞争，工作内存中与正在进行的任务相关的信息被保存了很短的时间。所有的证据都指向这样一个结论：工作记忆空间是非常有限的，所以通常一次只有一个进程可以积极地使用它。例如，有证据表明心算不能与记忆搜索同时进行。这项研究将探索某些过程可以同时使用工作记忆的可能性。我们感兴趣的主要进程是那些为内在进程准备或设置工作记忆空间的进程。可以说，这些准备过程是在幕后进行的，它们本身可能不会对空间产生强烈的需求。特别重要的准备过程是那些安排即将进行的过程的过程。需要测试的一个假设是，即将到来的过程的准备是否可以与其他正在进行的过程同时进行。如果不能弄清楚隐蔽的心理过程是同时执行还是顺序执行，以及如果是顺序的，执行的顺序是什么，那么这项研究就不可行。在以前的研究中提出了一种方法，即潜在网络理论。它是基于反应时间和其他性能指标。虽然这项研究本质上是基础性的，但它将帮助我们了解人类在各种实际领域中出现的各种快速任务中的表现，例如复杂设备的操作，以及这些任务（以及相关设备）的设计，以便它们建立在必须执行这些任务的人类的能力之上。＊＊＊

9601465 SCHWEICKERT Someone performing a task such as searching a screen for a symbol of a certain size and shape must carry out mental processes, such as perceiving, remembering, and deciding. In some situations the processes must be carried out in a certain order, for example when the output of one process is the input to another. In other situations, there may be several ways in which the processes could be ordered, for example, if two responses are to be made and there is a choice about which response to make first. These choices sometimes lead to scheduling problems. Major scheduling conflicts arise from competition for space in working memory, where information relevant to an ongoing task is held for a short time. All evidence points to the conclusion that working memory space is very limited, so that usually only one process can use it actively at a time. For example, there is evidence that mental arithmetic cannot be carried out simultaneously with a search of memory. This research will explore the possibility that certain processes can use working memory simultaneously. The main processes of interest are those that prepare or set up the working memory space for processes that are immanent. These preparation processes operate behind the scenes, so to speak, and may not make intensive demands for space themselves. Preparatory processes of special interest are those that schedule the upcoming processes. One hypothesis to be tested is whether preparation of upcoming processes can be carried out simultaneously with other ongoing processing. This research would not be feasible if it were not possible to figure out whether covert mental processes are executed concurrently or sequentially, and, if they are sequential, what the order of execution is. A methodology for doing this, Latent Network Theory, was developed in previous research. It is based on reaction time and other performance measures. While this research is fundamental in na ture, it will help us understand the performance of humans in the sorts of speeded tasks that arise in all manner of practical arenas, such as the operation of complex equipment, and the design of those tasks (and the relevant equipment) so that they build on the capabilities of the humans who will have to perform them. ***