Phasenabhängige Starkfeld-Laserphysik

阿秒电子和X射线脉冲的产生以及阿秒动力学的测量是探测原子和分子物理、化学和生物学中最快过程的关键技术。这些技术几乎完全建立在强场激光物理的基础上。然而，对后者现状的批判性回顾表明，典型的实验条件超出了强场激光物理标准模型的有效性范围。因此，没有充分了解原子势、分子对称性和自由度的影响阻碍了阿秒激光物理的一些最美丽的实验方法。这个项目的目标是对这个问题进行广泛的实验攻击。基础设施基础已经通过一笔仪器赠款建立起来。将利用一些新的方法。这些措施包括使用易于进行精确数值计算的目标物种，如原子氢和H+2。此外，由于阿秒应用的预测优势以及更接近强场近似的实验条件，将使用中红外光谱范围内的激光脉冲。接下来，在可见光和中红外中使用几个周期的脉冲，可以通过定制的单个光学周期来研究电离和解离，从而获得强场激光与物质相互作用的基础，包括干扰效应的根源。最后，使用冷离子束的现代实验技术可以对重要分子离子的离解和电离进行运动学上的完整测量。

Generation of attosecond electron and X-ray pulses as well as the measurement of attosecond dynamics are key techniques for probing the fastest processes in atomic and molecular physics, chemistry, and biology. These techniques are virtually exclusively built on strong-field laser physics. However, a critical review of the present status of the latter reveals that typical experimental conditions are outside the area of validity of the standard model of strong-field laser physics. Consequently, not sufficiently understood effects of the atomic potential, molecular symmetry and degrees of freedom hamper some of the most beautiful experimental approaches of attosecond laser physics.The goal of this project is a broad experimental attack on this problem. The infrastructural basis has already been established through an instrumentation grant. A number of new approaches will be utilized. These include using target species easily accessible to exact numerical calculations like atomic hydrogen and H+2. In addition, laser pulses in the mid-infrared spectral range will be used due to predicted advantages for attosecond applications and due to experimental conditions closer to the strong-field approximations. Next, the use of few-cycle pulses in the visible and the mid-infrared allows investigating ionization and dissociation by tailored single optical cycles thus giving access to the building blocks of strong-field laser-matter interaction including the roots of interference effects. Finally, modern experimental techniques using a cold ion beam allow kinematically complete measurements of dissociation and ionization of important molecular ions.