Chemical Separations Using Combined Structure Fluid Gradients and Countercurrent Field Flow Fractions

提案编号：9627453提案类型：研究者发起首席研究员：T. Alan Hatton所属机构：麻省理工学院该基金通过化学和运输系统分部的界面、运输和分离项目授予。首席研究员是麻省理工学院的T. Alan Hatton博士。该研究解决了一种适用于许多困难的化学分离问题的新技术的发展，特别是在小体积高附加值的应用中。外部施加的场梯度将用于产生溶液结构中具有横向梯度的系统，从而在它们与特定溶质或颗粒的相互作用中具有横向梯度。在这种结构梯度溶液中，不同溶质分布的差异可以在分离过程中通过使用施加逆流的场流分馏概念加以利用。例如，某些嵌段共聚物溶液可以在相对较窄的温度范围内经历微相变，这样，如果在溶液中施加温差，胶束在流道的较温暖区域形成，但在溶液的较冷部分不会形成。这可能会通过胶束核心内的增溶作用影响疏水溶质的分布，或者可能导致较大分子物种（如蛋白质和病毒）的尺寸排除。另一个例子是使用聚合物稳定的磁性纳米颗粒作为磁场梯度中的分离介质。高选择性络合剂，如杯芳烃或手性表面活性剂，可以附着在这些聚合物上，以提高分离能力。这些方法具有显著的优点，即过程可以连续操作，它将是温和的和低毒性的，并且即使在分离两种溶质的驱动力很小的情况下也可以实现高分辨率。潜在的应用包括精细化学品分离、对映体混合物的光学分离、蛋白质分离和病毒纯化。维杰·t·约翰，PD/CTS， 1997年3月27日

ABSTRACT Proposal No: 9627453 Proposal Type: Investigator Initiated Principal Investigator: T. Alan Hatton Affiliation: Massachusetts Institute of Technology This grant is awarded through the Interfacial, transport and separations program of the Chemical and Transport Systems Division. The principal investigator is Dr. T. Alan Hatton of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The research addresses the development of a new technique applicable to many difficult chemical separation problems, particularly in low-volume high value-added applications. Externally-applied field gradients will be utilized to generate systems having lateral gradients in solution structure and hence in their interactions with specific solutes or particles. The differences in distribution of different solutes over such structured gradient solutions can be exploited in separation processes by using filed-flow fractionation concepts with imposed countercurrent flow. Certain block copolymer solutions, for instance, can undergo microphase transitions over a relatively narrow temperature range such that if a temperature difference is applied across the solution, micelles are formed in the warmer regions of the flow channel but are not formed in the colder parts of the solution. This could affect the distribution of hydrophobic solutes through solubilization within he micelle cores, or could lead to size exclusion of larger molecular species such as proteins and viruses. Another example would be the use of polymer-stabilized magnetic nanoparticles as separations media in a magnetic field gradient. Highly selective complexing agents, such as calixarenes or chiral surfactants, can be attached to these polymers to enhance the separation capabilities. These methods will have the significant advantages that the process may be operated continuously, it will be gentle and low in toxicity and may achieve high resolution even when the driving force for separation of two solutes is small. Potential applications include fine chemicals separations, the optical resolution of enantiomeric mixtures, protein separations, and virus purification. Vijay T. John, PD/CTS 03/27/97