Doctoral Dissertation Research: Status and Power in Social Exchange Networks

9700766马科夫斯基这个博士论文研究项目将对一种新的权力理论进行实验测试，该理论将两种社会学传统的研究联系起来：权力和地位。这项研究(I)检验了一个新的理论论点，它连接了网络交换理论(Markovsky等人)。1988,1993)与地位特征和期望国理论(Berger等人)。1977年；Wagner和Berger 1993年)和地位价值理论(Berger等人。1972)；(Ii)确定状态信息对没有优势地位的网络的交换结果的基线影响；以及(Iii)确定状态信息是否足以抵消出现在一类结构中的弱结构优势。这一理论解释了个体特征或身份特征如何导致社会交换网络中权力的发展。他们的论点是，地位较高的人的财产获得了一定程度的地位价值，这种价值与他们原本可能带来的任何经济或消费潜力无关。例如，棒球是有价值的，但卡尔·里普肯的棒球赋予了一种独特的地位价值感，这最终源于他作为一名球员的声望。因此，这一理论预测，高地位会产生一种身份价值感，这种感觉依附于由高地位行为者控制的商品。交流。所有实验都是在爱荷华大学的群体过程研究中心进行的。受试者通过联网的PC进行互动，每个人都协商在他们的每个网络关系中获得利润池的一部分。所有受试者都是一年级或二年级的大学生，只有同性受试者被包括在给定的课程中。受试者被随机分配到他们的网络位置，在整个会话中保持不变。首先，受试者提供关于他们的年龄、性别、教育程度和高中平均绩点的信息。然后，实验者报告每个受试者的伴侣的预定信息。与“地位更高”的人相关的受试者认为，他们正在与一名27岁的工科研究生一起工作，他的平均绩点很高。那些与地位较低的人有关的人认为，他们的伴侣是一名GPA较低的16岁高中生。在这些测试中，每个受试者都认为自己与一个在年龄、平均绩点、在校年限和学术专业方面与真实受试者相当的地位平等的伴侣有关。然后，每个受试者都被分配了一个商品颜色的扑克筹码-在谈判阶段进行控制。受试者被告知，他们将与合作伙伴协商扑克筹码，每个人都将收到与自己不同颜色的筹码，以帮助实验者跟踪互动。在状态操纵和芯片分配之后，受试者开始协商和交换阶段。在每个实验中，受试者完成60轮谈判，每轮最多交换一次。所有人都被鼓励为自己赢得尽可能多的筹码，并被告知他们的薪酬将取决于他们赚取的扑克筹码数量。收集的数据将用于使用回归分析测试几个统计模型。****

9700766 Markovsky This Doctoral Dissertation Research project will experimentally test a new theory of power that connects research from two sociological traditions: power and status. This research (i) tests a new theoretical argument that connects Network Exchange Theory (Markovsky et al. 1988, 1993) with the theory of Status Characteristics and Expectation States (Berger et al. 1977; Wagner and Berger 1993) and the theory of Status Value (Berger et al. 1972); (ii) establishes the baseline effect of status information on exchange outcomes for networks having no advantageous position; and (iii) determines if status information is sufficient to negate weak structural advantages that occur in one class of structures. This theory explains how individual traits or status characteristics lead to the development of power in social exchange networks. The argument is that the possessions of high status actors acquire a degree of status value that is independent of any economic or consumatory potential they may otherwise carry. For example, baseballs are valuable but Cal Ripken's baseball confers a unique sense of status value that ultimately stems from his prestige as a player. Thus, this theory predicts that high status creates a sense of status value that attaches to goods controlled by high status actors. exchanges. All experiments are conducted at the Center for the Study of Group Processes at the University of Iowa. Subjects interact via networked PCs, each negotiating to receive a share of the profit pool in each of their network relations. All subjects are first or second year college students and only same-gender subjects were included in a given session. Subjects are assigned randomly to their network positions where they remain for the entire session. First, subjects provide information on their age, gender, education, and high school grade point average. The experimenter then reports predetermined information about each subject's partners. Subjects connected to a "higher status" par tner believe they are working with a 27 year old engineering graduate student with a superior GPA. Those connected to a "lower status" person believes that their partner is a 16 year old high school student with an inferior GPA. Several status undifferentiated tests in which each subject believed they are connected to an equal status partner comparable to the real subject in terms of age, GPA, year in school and academic major are ran. Each subject is then assigned a commodity-colored poker chips-to control in the negotiation phase. Subjects are told they will negotiate with their partners for poker chips, and each will receive chips different from their own in color to help the experimenter keep track of the interactions. Following the status manipulation and chip allocation, subjects begin the negotiation and exchange phase. In each experiment, subjects complete 60 rounds of negotiation, making a maximum of one exchange per round. All are encouraged to gain as many chips as they can for themselves and told that their pay will be determined by the number of poker chips they earned. Data collected will be used to test several statistical models using regression analysis. ****