Surface Heat Budget of the North Water Polynya

拟议的项目是国际北水Polynya研究的一个组成部分，该研究涉及加拿大破冰船C.C.G.S.在巴芬湾以北进行研究航行。路易斯·S圣洛朗，1997年（夏季）和1998年（春夏）。 该项目旨在测量冰穴的表面热量收支。 具体目标是确定： a）NOW冰穴的表面热量收支，并评估其“潜”与“感”特征; B）云辐射强迫作为云量、云型、冰盖、冰型和太阳天顶角的函数; c）晴空辐射强迫作为水汽、气溶胶和太阳天顶角的函数; d）开阔水域和冰盖附近的热量和水分交换的湍流交换系数;这些系数对海洋边界层条件的依赖性; e）海洋和冰的表面温度;（f）近地表海水温度梯度对海气之间热量、水分和气体通量的影响。 这些目标将通过使用高质量的仪器来实现，其中包括一个自校准红外干涉分光辐射计，用于测量天空、云层、海洋表面和冰盖发出的辐射光谱。 通过在最广泛的冰盖范围内进行测量（从总冰盖到无冰条件），该项目是对更大的SHEBA和ARM计划的补充。

The proposed project is a component of the international North Water Polynya Study, which involves research cruises to the north of Baffin Bay on the Canadian ice-breaker C.C.G.S. Louis S. St. Laurent, in 1997 (summer) and 1998 (spring-summer). This project is to measure the surface heat budget of the polynya. Specific aims are to determine: a) surface heat budget of NOW polynya, and assess its "latent" versus "sensible" character; b) cloud radiative forcing as a function of cloud-cover, cloud type, ice-cover, ice-type and solar zenith angle; c) clear sky radiative forcing as a function of water vapor, aerosols and solar zenith angle; d) turbulent exchange coefficients for heat and moisture exchanges in open water and vicinity of ice cover; dependences of these coefficients on conditions in the marine boundary layer; e) skin temperature of ocean and ice, and; f) influence of near-surface, sea-temperature gradients on air-sea fluxes of heat, moisture and gases. These goals will be achieved by using high quality instrumentation, including a self-calibrating infrared interferometric spectroradiometer to measure spectra of radiation emitted by the sky, clouds, the ocean surface and ice cover. By making measurements in the widest range of ice cover (from total ice cover to ice-free conditions), this project is complimentary to the much larger SHEBA and ARM programs.