Surface Heat Budget of the North Water Polynya

拟议的项目是国际北水波利亚研究的一个组成部分，该研究包括在1997年（夏季）和1998年（春夏）乘坐加拿大破冰船C.C.G.S. Louis S. St. Laurent到巴芬湾北部进行研究巡航。这个项目是测量冰湖的地表热收支。具体目的是确定：a) NOW多冰湖的地表热收支，并评估其“潜在”与“显”特征；B)云辐射强迫与云量、云型、冰盖、冰型和太阳天顶角的函数关系；C)晴空辐射强迫与水汽、气溶胶和太阳天顶角的函数关系；D)开放水域和冰盖附近热湿交换的湍流交换系数；这些系数对海洋边界层条件的依赖性；E)海洋和冰的皮肤温度；F)近地表、海温梯度对热、湿和气体的海气通量的影响。这些目标将通过使用高质量的仪器来实现，包括自校准红外干涉光谱仪，用于测量天空、云层、海洋表面和冰盖发出的辐射光谱。通过测量最广泛的冰盖范围（从总冰盖到无冰盖），该项目是对更大的SHEBA和ARM计划的补充。

The proposed project is a component of the international North Water Polynya Study, which involves research cruises to the north of Baffin Bay on the Canadian ice-breaker C.C.G.S. Louis S. St. Laurent, in 1997 (summer) and 1998 (spring-summer). This project is to measure the surface heat budget of the polynya. Specific aims are to determine: a) surface heat budget of NOW polynya, and assess its "latent" versus "sensible" character; b) cloud radiative forcing as a function of cloud-cover, cloud type, ice-cover, ice-type and solar zenith angle; c) clear sky radiative forcing as a function of water vapor, aerosols and solar zenith angle; d) turbulent exchange coefficients for heat and moisture exchanges in open water and vicinity of ice cover; dependences of these coefficients on conditions in the marine boundary layer; e) skin temperature of ocean and ice, and; f) influence of near-surface, sea-temperature gradients on air-sea fluxes of heat, moisture and gases. These goals will be achieved by using high quality instrumentation, including a self-calibrating infrared interferometric spectroradiometer to measure spectra of radiation emitted by the sky, clouds, the ocean surface and ice cover. By making measurements in the widest range of ice cover (from total ice cover to ice-free conditions), this project is complimentary to the much larger SHEBA and ARM programs.