RUI: Three Challenges to Procedural Justice Theory: Studying the View of the Boss, the Beat, and the Bench

来自社会交换、群体动力学和归因视角的研究和理论支持这样一种观点：尊重对待与公平判断之间的关系受到个体认为自己应该得到尊重对待的信念的限制。此外，研究表明决策者和决策接受者对公平待遇的定义不同。这种差异有可能阻碍决策者公平执行程序的最大努力。此外，动机变量有助于程序问题（特别是尊重待遇）与感知正义之间的联系。本研究由三个实地研究组成。第一批960名纽约市警察接受了关于他们与其他警察和公众接触的调查。本研究是2（群体内vs群体外相遇）x2（被调查者作为权威/决策者vs被调查者作为决策接受者）x2（官员作为治疗过程vs官员作为目标）受试者之间的随机因子，允许对上述所有三个理论因素进行强有力的测试。此外，还调查了400名平民与警察的接触情况，从而可以直接比较警察和平民对警察公平待遇的看法。第二项研究要求400名初审法院法官报告他们对最近出现在法庭上的诉讼当事人或律师的待遇的看法，并要求诉讼当事人或律师也完成一份评估他们对待遇的看法的问卷。最后一项研究调查了使用相同设计的组织的400名员工。这些研究对程序正义理论作出了贡献，并在促进决策者以公正的方式执行程序方面作出了应用贡献。＊＊＊

Abstract Heuer 9710946 Research and theory from social exchange, group dynamics, and attribution perspectives support the claim that the relation between respectful treatment and fairness judgments is qualified by the individual's belief that he or she deserves respectful treatment. Further, research indicates that decision makers and decision recipients define fair treatment differently. This disparity has the potential to frustrate a decisionmaker's best efforts to implement procedures fairly. In addition, motivational variables contribute to the link between procedural concerns (especially respectful treatment) and perceived justice. This research consists of three field studies. The first 960 New York City police officers are surveyed about their encounters with other police officers and with the public. This study is a 2 (in-group vs. out-group encounter) X 2 (respondent as authority/decisionmaker vs. respondent as decision recipient) X 2 ( officer as course of treatment vs. Officer as target) between subjects randomized factorial that permits a strong test of all three theoretical factors above. In addition, 400 civilians are surveyed about their encounter with a sub-sample of the police thus permitting a direct comparison of police and civilian perceptions of the fairness of police treatment. The second study asks 400 trial court judges to report heir perceptions of their treatment of a litigant or a lawyer who recent appeared in their courtroom and asks the litigant or lawyer to also complete a questionnaire assessing their perception of the treatment. The final study surveys 400 employees of organizations using the same design. These studies contribute to procedural justice theories as well as make an applied contribution in facilitating decision makers' efforts to implement procedures in a just manner. ***