RUI: Group Value Versus Self Interest Concern in Fairness Judgements: A Test of a Contextual Priming Model

正义观念是公民对司法裁决、法律机构(如陪审团)和其他政府活动作出反应的一个关键因素。普通人对正义判决的看法对机构的合法性和公民的遵纪性具有重要影响。社会法学研究人员发现了两种不同但相关的正义理论的证据，这两种理论都强调，对公民来说，公平的程序和尊重的待遇比特定的结果更重要。程序正义理论认为，公平判断取决于参与者对过程和/或最终决定的控制程度。群体价值理论认为，公平判断受到当局的可信性和中立性以及当局是否尊重个人的影响。最近的一项研究表明，对于公平判断来说，群体价值问题比控制问题重要得多。通过检验这些假设在不同条件下的相对有效性，本研究将有助于理论的进步。将进行四项研究，以调查在什么情况下，个人的公平判断将受到控制与群体价值担忧的影响。提出了情境启动模型来解释这两种关注点在什么情况下会影响公平感知。由于该模型表明，在冲突解决之前，自利关切更为重要，因此，两项实地研究考察了冲突解决前的程序公平感。同样，由于该模型表明，自利问题在纠纷中更重要，这两项实地研究都只从纠纷(离婚和工作场所纠纷)中的个人人群中进行抽样。此外，两个实验室实验将检验以下命题：(A)情境因素影响控制相对于群体价值关注的重要性，以及(B)可获得性和应得性判断都是程序公平感的核心。

Perceptions of justice are a critical factor in citizens' responses to judicial decisions, legal institutions such as juries, and other governmental activities. Lay perceptions of justice judgments carry important implications for the legitimacy of institutions and for citizen compliance. Sociolegal researchers have found evidence for two different but related theories of justice, both of which emphasize that fair procedures and respectful treatment are more important to citizens than particular outcomes. The Procedural Justice Theory holds that fairness judgments are dependent on the extent to which participants have control over the process and/or the ultimate decision. The Group Value Theory holds that fairness judgments are influenced by the trustworthiness and neutrality of authorities and whether authorities treat individuals with respect. A recent study showed that group value concerns are considerably more important for fairness judgments than control concerns. The present study will contribute to theoretical advance by testing the relative validity of these hypotheses under different conditions. Four studies will be undertaken to investigate the conditions under which individuals' fairness judgments will be influenced by control versus group value concerns. A contextual priming model is proposed to explain the conditions under which the two kinds of concerns will influence fairness perceptions. Because the model suggests that self-interest concerns are more important prior to the resolution of conflict, two field studies examine procedural fairness perceptions before settlement. Similarly, because the model suggests that self-interest concerns are more important in disputes, both field studies sample exclusively from populations of individuals in disputes (divorce and workplace disputes). In addition, two laboratory experiments will test the propositions that (a) situational factors influence the importance of control versus group value concerns, and (b) both accessibility and deservedness judgments are central to procedural fairness perceptions.