Space Weather: Interplanetary Proton-Associated Flares Emphasizing Proton Predictions from Hard X-Ray and Microwave Observations

大多数太阳耀斑被归类为脉冲，具有硬X射线光谱，随着通量增加而变得相对更有活力（或“硬化”），随着通量下降而“软化”。 相反，与高能行星际质子相关的硬X射线光谱随着通量的下降而逐渐“硬化”。 虽然与日冕物质抛射相关的冲击波可能会产生大部分行星际质子，但逐渐硬化的耀斑也会产生中等数量的高能质子;事实上，逐渐硬化的耀斑和日冕物质抛射经常同时发生。 因此，研究人员将专注于这种逐渐硬化的耀斑，以优化硬X射线和微波的质子预测算法。 此外，他还寻求合作，用一个特别好的观测事件对粒子加速场进行建模，并用一个新的硬X射线光谱仪对硬化耀斑进行新的观测。

Most solar flares are classified as impulsive, having hard X-ray spectra that become relatively more energetic (or 'harden') as fluxes increase, and 'soften' as fluxes decline. Conversely, hard X-ray spectra associated with energetic interplanetary protons progressively 'harden' as fluxes decline. Although coronal mass ejection-associated shocks may produce the majority of interplanetary protons, moderate numbers of high energy protons are also produced by progressively hardening flares; in fact, progressively hardening flares and coronal mass ejections often occur simultaneously. Thus, the investigator will focus on this progressively hardening flare to optimize proton prediction algorithms for both hard X-rays and microwaves. In addition, he pursues a collaboration for modeling the particle acceleration site with a particularly well-observed event, and new observations of hardening flares with a new hard X-ray spectrometer.