Experiencers across languages:On the typology of the psych-alternation in morphology, syntax, and discourse

本研究的总体目标是基于精确的实证方法确定经验动词句法和语义的普遍和类型学性质。在第一个资助期内，该项目的重点是对选定的非规范体验者-客体属性（=心理效应）进行跨语言实验和观察调查，研究其句法与语用性质。在下一个阶段，重点将放在心理交替的类型学上（参见第二章）。interessieren（关心）vs. sich interessieren（关心））。特别是，该项目将调查心理动词的形态根的作用和发生在心理变化的情况下（causativization，decausativization，转换，双重派生）的形态过程的句法和语义属性。在类型学调查中，本项目将收集和分析30种语言中与经验者动词相关的形态事实。这种跨语言的考察将成为一种类型学上充分的经验者理论的证据基础。此外，该项目将调查语言之间的形态差异的相关性定量（a）的语义和句法的心理动词和（B）的经验事件在话语中的实现。在六种语言的样本，这代表了不同的形态类型的使役交替（冰岛语，芬兰语，韩语，西班牙语，汉语，匈牙利语），该项目将进行平行实验和语料库研究。实验研究将考察经验动词的语义和句法特征。定量语料库研究将测试这些属性对话语中相应动词结构行为的影响。该项目有助于当前关于使役交替的理论讨论，并将丰富这一研究路线，从数量和多样性方面都超过当前讨论的语言样本中获得见解。此外，该项目将通过研究类型变量对跨语言差异的潜在影响，对词汇类型学和及物化/去及物化方向性的跨语言研究（Nichols et al. 2004）做出重大贡献。最后，该项目将为跨语言语料库研究的当代范式做出创新性贡献。

The overall aim of this project is to determine the universal and typological properties of the syntax and semantics of experiencer verbs based on precise empirical methods. In the first funding period, the project has focused on the cross-linguistic experimental and observational investigation of selected non-canonical experiencer-object properties (= psych-effects) examining their syntactic vs. pragmatic nature. In the next period, the focus will be on the typology of the psych-alternation (cf. interessieren (concern) vs. sich interessieren (be concerned)). In particular, the project will investigate the role of the morphological root of psych verbs and the syntactic and semantic properties of the morphological processes that occur in cases of psych-alternations (causativization, decausativization, conversion, double derivation). In a typological investigation, the project will collect and analyze the relevant morphological facts of experiencer verbs in 30 languages. This cross-linguistic examination will be the evidential basis for a typologically adequate theory of experiencers. Furthermore, the project will investigate the relevance of the morphological differences between languages quantitatively (a) for the semantics and syntax of psych verbs and (b) for the realization of experiencer events in discourse. In a sample of six languages, which represent different morphological types of the causative alternation (Icelandic, Finnish, Korean, Spanish, Chinese, Hungarian), the project will carry out parallel experiments and corpus studies. The experimental studies will examine semantic and syntactic properties of the experiencer verbs. The influence of these properties on the behaviour of the respective verbal constructions in discourse will be tested in quantitative corpus studies.The project contributes to the current theoretical discussion on the causative alternation and will enrich this line of research with insights from a sample of languages that exceeds the currently discussed ones both in number and diversity. Furthermore, the project will make a significant contribution to lexical typology and the cross-linguistic investigation of the directionality in transitivization/detransitivization (Nichols et al. 2004) by examining the potential influence of typological variables on the cross-linguistic distinction at issue. Finally, the project will make an innovative contribution to the contemporary paradigm of cross-linguistic corpus investigations.