Mid-Oceanic Wintertime Surface Fluxes and Atmospheric Boundary Layer Structure: Relationship to Cyclone Development and Evolution

众所周知，从海洋表面到大气层的热量和动量通量对各种气象现象的发展都很重要。 尽管这一问题的重要性，很少有实际数据已收集的高风速条件下（15米/秒）的表面通量。 这一研究项目将利用锋面和大西洋风暴轨迹实验收集的数据，记录大洋中表面通量与边界层结构之间的关系以及大洋中温带气旋的结构和演变。 FASTEX是一个国际研究领域的计划，其目标是了解海洋中层发展的热带气旋。 实地阶段于1997年1月至2月进行。 这项研究将侧重于在高风速海洋环境中收集的船载表面通量测量结果、相关的海况测量结果以及海洋中层边界层结构的准连续测量结果。 目前还不知道在何种程度上目前的通量和边界层参数化代表这些环境条件。 尽管在这些条件下可能存在显著的通量，但以前很少获得这样的测量结果。 在这些条件下，RV Knorr在FASTEX期间收集了超过130小时的数据，这意味着在此风速范围内可用的数据量增加了数倍。 测量结果将用于验证/修改预报模型中使用的当前海洋通量和行星边界层参数化方案。 由于FASTEX通量和边界层测量是在一个更大的现场项目内获得的，并与该项目协调，该项目具有广泛的顺风中尺度验证数据，因此这些测量也将能够清楚地证明它们对海洋热带气旋发展和预报的影响。***

9727054Persson Fluxes of heat and momentum from the oceanÆs surface to the atmosphere are known to be important to the development of a variety of meteorological phenomenon. Despite the importance of this problem, little actual data has been collected of surface fluxes under high wind conditions (15 m/s). This research project will utilize data collected during the Fronts and Atlantic Storm Tracks Experiment (FASTEX) to document the relationship between mid-ocean surface fluxes and boundary layer structure and the structure and evolution of the mid-oceanic extratropical cyclones. FASTEX is an international research field program whose objective is to understand the mid-oceanic development of extratropical cyclones. Its field phase was conducted in January-February, 1997. This research will focus on ship-based surface-flux measurements collected in a high wind-speed marine environment, the associated sea state measurements, and the quasi-continuous measurements of the mid-oceanic boundary-layer structure. It is unknown to what extent present flux and boundary layer parameterizations represent these environmental conditions. Despite the significant fluxes likely to be present under these conditions, very few such measurements have been obtained previously. More than 130 hours of data were collected during FASTEX by the RV Knorr under these conditions, representing a multi-fold increase in the amount of data available in this wind speed range. The measurements will be used for the validation/modification of current marine flux and planetary boundary layer parameterization schemes used in forecast models. Because the FASTEX flux and boundary layer measurements were obtained within and in coordination with a larger field program with extensive downwind mesoscale validation data, these measurements will also be able to provide a clear demonstration of their impact on marine extratropical cyclone development and forecasting. ***