Surface-Controlled Nanoscale Materials for High-Added-Value Applications - Symposium FF - 1997 MRS Fall Meeting to be held December 1-5, 1997 in Boston, Massachusetts

CTS-9730016 Robert Pachavis/MRS这项建议是为了在1997年12月于波士顿举行的秋季材料研究学会会议上提交的：用于高附加值应用的表面控制纳米材料研讨会的支持。纳米材料因其优异的性能而受到广泛关注。最初的主要目标之一是开发可伸缩的纳米粉末合成方法，主要用于烧结和机械应用，目前已实现。然而，随着颗粒尺寸的进一步减小，表面与体积的比率急剧增加，这使得第一原子层在材料的整体性能中发挥了重要作用。事实上，当暴露在空气污染物中时，活性颗粒表面的化学成分变得不同于主体的化学成分。最近人们认识到，不仅需要清洁的合成过程来获得可重复使用的高纯度纳米粉末，而且还需要工具和技术来充分表征和监测纳米颗粒的表面，而不依赖于任何整体表征。此外，需要开发保存或恢复颗粒表面所需的化学性质的方法，以促进并从而增加纳米粉末在当前工艺过程中的工业使用。这次跨学科研讨会的主要目的有两个。基本的方面是强调纳米颗粒的表面化学成分、晶界的化学成分和固结材料的宏观物理性质之间的关系。技术目标是评估表面纯度控制和表面化学修饰的新方法，以设计出优良的纳米结构材料和复合材料。表面性质的完全定制有望产生完全可控的固结材料，并将对电子、光电和磁性器件以及面向生物医学的化合物的纳米制造产生重大影响。***

ABSTRACT CTS-9730016 Robert Pachavis/MRS This proposal is being submitted for the support of Symposium FF: Surface Controlled Nanoscale Materials for High-Added-Value Applications at the Fall Materials Research Society Meeting During Dec. 1997 in Boston. Nanoscale materials have attached wide attention due to their superior properties. One of the main initial, now achieved, goals has been the development of scalable synthesis methods of nanosized powders, essentially for promising sintering and mechanical applications. However, as the size of the grains further decreases, the surface-to-bulk ratio dramatically increases, conferring to he first atomic layer a major role in the overall properties of the material. Indeed the chemical composition of the reactive particle surface becomes different from that of the bulk upon exposure to air contaminants. It has been realized recently that, not only clean synthesis processes are needed to obtain reproducible high purity nanosized powders, but also that tools and techniques to adequately characterize and monitor the very surface of the nanoparticles, in situ, independent of any bulk characterization are necessary. Moreover, the preservation or recovery of the desirable chemical properties of the surface of the grains need to be developed to facilitate and thus increase the industrial use of the nanosized powders in current technological processes. The major objective of this cross-disciplinary symposium is twofold. The fundamental aspect is to emphasize the relationship between the surface chemical composition of the nanoparticles, that of the grain boundaries, and the macroscopic physical properties of the consolidated material. The technological objectives is to evaluate new approaches of surface purity control and surface chemical modification to engineer superior nanostructured materials and composites. A complete tailoring of the surface properties is expected to lead to perfectly controlled consolidated materials and to have a g reat impact on the nanofabrication of electronic, optoelectronic and magnetic devices as well as biomedical-oriented compounds. ***