The Dynamics of Economic and Sociopolitical Structure in Late Prehistoric Hawaii: An Emergent 'Archaic State', Phase II

在国家科学基金会的支持下，帕特里克·基尔奇博士和他的同事们将继续在夏威夷莫洛卡岛和毛伊岛上的遗址进行非常成功的考古研究。该小组和其他人已经找到了一些可以追溯到公元1200-1795年期间的房屋院落和仪式结构，这些将成为挖掘的重点。该小组将收集文化和生态事实数据，以确定领土聚落模式随时间的变化；重建聚落和土地使用的年表；分析家庭单位内的建筑、食物资源和声望良好的变化；确定非当地石材资源在领土单位之间的分布；检查支撑经济的农业和海洋资源生产基地；了解仪式建筑如何随时间和空间变化；以及研究集约土地利用的环境影响。多年来，人类学家一直将波利尼西亚作为一个独特的测试案例，来确定国家层面的社会是如何演变的。波利尼西亚群岛在相对较短的时期内由一个单一的文化群体定居，在接触时，它们证明了各种形式的社会组织，其复杂性差异很大。通过精心控制的比较，科学家们试图将它们放在一个发育序列中，并从环境的角度解释达到的不同阶段。夏威夷的复杂性达到了最高程度，民族志学者认为，在史前晚期，达到了州一级的组织水平。基尔奇博士希望研究这一过程。他正确地指出，只有考古学才能产生能够一步步追踪这一过程的数据，而研究的目标就是恢复这些信息。这项研究之所以重要，有几个原因。它将洞察国家形成的过程，并将提供许多考古学家感兴趣的数据。

With National Science Foundation support, Dr. Patrick Kirch and his colleagues will continue their highly successful archaeological research at sites located on the Hawaiian islands of Moloka'i and Maui. The team and others have located a number of house compounds and ritual structures which date from the period between A.D. 1200 - 1795 and these will form the focus for excavation. The group will collect both cultural and ecofactual data to: determine variability in territorial settlement patterns over time; reconstruct the chronology of settlement and land use; analyze architectural, food resource and prestige-good variation within household units; determine the distribution of non- local stone resources between territorial units; examine the agricultural and marine resource production base which supported the economy; learn how ritual architecture changed over time and space; and study the environmental effects of intensive land use. For many years anthropologists have used Polynesia as a unique test case to determine how state level societies evolved. The Polynesian islands were settled by a single cultural group over a relatively short period and at the time of contact they evidenced forms of social organization which varied greatly in complexity. Through carefully controlled comparisons scientists have attempted to place them in a developmental sequence and to explain the different stages reached in environmental terms. The highest degree of complexity was reached in Hawaii and ethnographers believe that in late prehistoric times a state level of organization was achieved. Dr. Kirch wishes to examine this process. He correctly notes that only archaeology can produce the data which can trace this step by step, and the goal of the research is to recover such information. This research is important for several reasons. It will yield insight into the processes of state formation an will provide data of interest to many archaeologists.