ESH: Macroecology of Quaternary Mammal Faunas: Distributions, Heterogeneity, and Extinctions

为了证实或反驳这一假设，将建立一个来自阿拉斯加、加拿大和美国的三个陆地哺乳动物时代（Blancan、Irvingtonian和Rancholabrean）的哺乳动物化石遗址的关系数据库。FAUNMAP是美国48个州过去4万年哺乳动物化石遗址的关系数据库，将进行更新和扩展，以建立一个新的数据库。FAUNMAP II将得到增订和扩大，以建立一个新的数据库。FAUNMAP II将与具有ARC/INFO的地理信息系统（GIS）相连接，以绘制单个物种随时间分布的变化并进行空间分析。两名研究生由首席研究员Graham博士指导，将审阅科学文献。格雷厄姆将前往高密度数据中心，获取一些阿拉斯加和加拿大的数据。实地考察是有效的，因为实地考察提供了查阅当地文献的机会，并允许与主要调查人员协商，以确定数据的局限性和质量。首席研究员Lundelius博士将前往丹佛进行协调和分析。在第一年，将在现有的FAUNMAP数据库中增加新的场址，并将纠正以前查明的错误。还将获得来自阿拉斯加文献和访问的数据。第二年的活动将侧重于加拿大的数据采集。输入的数据将被检查是否有错误。从位于科罗拉多州博尔德的美国国家海洋和大气管理局古气候数据库获得的水深图和海平面曲线将有助于绘制不同时期调整后的海平面地图。丹佛自然历史博物馆（DMNH）的地理信息系统实验室将允许对单个物种的分布区域进行测绘和定量测量。时间间隔将由三个陆地哺乳动物时代和十个微时啮齿动物生物年代来确定。分布区域将根据体型类别进行比较，以统计和图形方式确定大型哺乳动物物种的范围是否随着时间的推移而缩小，以及在更新世末期是否存在一个临界尺寸限制。这些数据还将与作为对照样本的幸存物种进行比较。将在项目结束时编写出版物。FAUNMAP II将被放在万维网上。它的总体结构将使它对生物地理学家、古生物学家、哺乳动物学家、野生生物学家和其他科学家进行各种各样的研究项目非常有用。可以为大学预科生和大学生制定教育计划。该数据库对联机和互动式展览也很有用。

9807499GrahamTo confirm or refute this hypothesis, a relational database on fossil mammal sites for three Land Mammal Ages (Blancan, Irvingtonian, and Rancholabrean) from Alaska, Canada, and the U.S. will be constructed. FAUNMAP, an existing relational database for fossil mammal sites for the last 40,000 years from the contiguous 48 states of the U.S., will be updated and expanded to construct a new database. FAUNMAP II will be updated and expanded to construct a new database. FAUNMAP II will be interfaced with a Geographic Information System (GIS) with ARC/INFO to map changes in individual species distributions through time and to conduct spatial analyses. Two graduate students supervised by Principal Investigator, Dr. Graham, will review scientific literature. Graham who will travel to high-density data centers will acquire some Alaskan and Canadian data. Site visits are efficient because they provide access to local literature, and they permit consultation with primary investigators to determine the limitations and quality of data. Dr. Lundelius, Principal Investigator will travel to Denver for coordination and analysis.In the first year, new sites will be added to the existing FAUNMAP database and corrections will be made to errors previously identified. Data derived from Alaskan literature and visits will also be acquired. Second year activities will focus on data acquisition for Canada. Data will be reviewed for errors after input. Bathymetric maps and sea level curves, obtained from the NOAA Paleoclimate Database in Boulder, Colorado will facilitate construction of maps with adjusted sea levels for different periods of time. The Denver Museum of Natural History's (DMNH) GIS lab will permit mapping and quantitative measurements of distribution areas for individual species. Time intervals will be defined by three Land Mammal Ages and by ten microtine rodent biochrons. Areas of distribution will be compared by body size categories to statistically and graphically determine if large mammal species ranges were reduced through time and if there is a critical size limit at the end of the Pleistocene. These data will also be compared with surviving species as the control sample.Publications will be prepared at the conclusion of the project. FAUNMAP II will be placed on the World Wide Web. Its general structure will make it useful to biogeographers, paleontologists, mammalogists, wildlife biologists and other scientists for a wide variety of research projects. Educational programs can be developed for pre-college and college students. The database will also be useful for on-line and interactive exhibits.