Object Perception

这个项目关注视觉场景分析背后的认知和神经机制。其目的是揭示最初由视觉系统收集的信息如何随后被组织用于思考或行动。为了与视觉世界进行适当的互动，一个人需要随着时间的推移跟踪特定的物体，即使它们移动或被阻挡在视线之外。研究的重点是早期视觉信息被组织成对物体的短期记忆表征的过程（以下称为个性化）。本研究验证了个性化过程中存在重复盲目性和注意瞬变现象的假设，可以作为研究个性化过程的工具。重复盲目性是指无法看到或报告一个项目在一个简短的列表中的第二次出现。一组研究测试了重复盲视反映了短期记忆表征建立的限制的假设：两个独立的记忆表征不能在短时间内对相同的物体建立。注意眨眼是指对一个项目的处理会阻碍对后续项目的处理长达半秒。一些研究验证了这样一种观点，即注意力眨眼的发生是因为对第一个项目建立记忆表征使用了有限的可用于个性化的资源，从而阻碍了对后续项目的处理。这些研究的结果将增加我们对人们如何识别、表现和与视觉世界中的物体互动的理解。

This project concerns the cognitive and neural mechanisms underlying the analysis of visual scenes. The aim is to uncover how the information initially gathered by the visual system is subsequently organized for use in thinking or acting. To interact appropriately with the visual world one needs to keep track of specific objects over time, even if they move or are blocked from view. The research focuses on the process whereby early visual information is organized into short term memory representations for objects (hereafter termed individuation). The studies test the assumption that the phenomena of repetition blindness and the attentional blink occur during individuation and so can be used as tools to study the individuation process. Repetition blindness is the failure to see or report the second occurrence of an item in a briefly-presented list. One set of studies tests the assumption that repetition blindness reflects a constraint on establishment of short-term memory representations: two separate memory representations cannot be established for identical objects during a short period of time. The attentional blink is the finding that the processing of an item hinders the processing of subsequent items for as long as a half-second. Several studies test the view that the attentional blink occurs because establishing a memory representation for the first item uses the limited resources available for individuation and thereby hinders the processing of subsequent items. The results of the studies will add to our understanding of how people identify, represent, and interact with objects in the visual world.