SBIR Phase II: A Face Idenification System Using a Novel 3D Camera

Genex Technologies，Inc.的SBIR第二阶段项目的主要目标是：(GTI)是建设的可行性的调查，第一次，一个自动的3D人脸识别系统与复杂的3D人脸匹配能力，使用一种新的3D相机。 3D Face ID系统的关键组件包括： (1)A能够实时获取2D和3D面部图像的新型3D相机;（2）基于高效3D面部识别算法的软件;（3）2D和3D面部图像数据库;以及（4）用户界面。 人脸是一个三维几何对象，每个人脸都有其独特的三维表面轮廓。 在3D表示中，没有两张脸是完全相同的;因此，人脸上的3D特征和表面轮廓可以用于快速准确的人脸识别（face-ID）。 由于缺乏低成本的三维成像设备和有效的三维人脸识别算法，几乎所有现有的人脸识别系统都只使用二维灰度人脸图像作为输入。 2D图像固有地易受光照条件和面部取向的变化的影响，因为它们不能保持面部的3D几何结构。 这个基本限制极大地限制了当前人脸ID系统有效执行人脸识别功能的能力。 因此，现有人脸识别系统在现实应用中的匹配率非常低（低于90%）。 然而，使用3D相机-一种电子3D成像设备-能够在一个快照中产生人脸的数字3D轮廓测量，GTI系统中可用的3D面部图像提供准确的几何信息，从而实现更准确和有效的面部识别。 这种3D相机作为自动面部识别系统的组件以及除了自动面部识别系统之外的商业市场是相当大的，并且应用众多，包括在军事和民用领域。 安全和ATM机可以使用Face-ID来验证银行卡用户的身份，节省数百万美元的虚假持卡人索赔。 计算机访问控制可以使用Face-ID系统而不是密码来授予计算机使用权限。 执法人员可以使用Face-ID系统根据逃犯的图像进行预选和抓捕。 军方可以使用Face-ID系统来控制对禁区的访问。 像汽车或船只这样的贵重物品可以使用3D Face-ID系统来识别其所有者。 低成本的3D相机还可以用于许多其他应用，例如制造零件检测、机器人、自动驾驶汽车和虚拟现实。 视频会议和交互式电视的快速发展进一步拓宽了3D成像技术的可能应用。

The primary aim of this SBIR Phase II project from Genex Technologies, Inc. (GTI) is the investigation of the feasibility of building, for the first time, an automatic 3D Face ID system with sophisticated 3D face matching capability using a novel 3D camera. The key components of the 3D Face ID system include: (1)A novel 3D camera that is capable of acquiring both 2D and 3D facial images in real-time; (2) Software based on an efficient 3D face identification algorithm; (3) 2D and 3D facial image database; and (4) A user-interface. The human face is a three-dimensional (3D) geometric object, and each face has its unique 3D surface profile. No two faces are exactly the same in 3D representation; therefore 3D features and surface profiles on a human face can be used for rapid and accurate face identification (face-ID). Because of the lack of low-cost 3D imaging devices and effective 3D face-ID algorithms, almost all existing face-ID systems use only 2D gray-scale face images as their input. The 2D images are inherently vulnerable to changes in the light condition and the face orientation, because they cannot preserve the 3D geometric structure of a face. This fundamental restriction greatly limits the capability of current face-ID systems to effectively perform face recognition functions. As a result, the match-rate for existing face-ID systems in real-world applications is very low (below 90%). However, with a 3D camera--an electronic 3D imaging device-- that is able to produce a digital 3D profile measurement of the human face in one snap shot, the 3D facial images that are available in GTI's system provide accurate geometric information enabling much more accurate and efficient face identification. The commercial market for such a 3D camera as a component of, as well as apart from, automatic face identification systems is sizable, and applications are numerous, including in both military and civilian areas. Security and ATM machines can use Face-ID to verify the identity of bankcard user, saving millions of dollars in false claims of cardholdership. Computer access control can use the Face-ID system instead of a password to grant authority for computer usage. Law enforcement agents can use the Face-ID system to preselect and capture fugitives based on their images. Military can use the Face-ID system to control access to restricted areas. Valuable properties such as cars or boats could use the 3D Face-ID system to identify their owners. Low cost 3D cameras can also be used for many other applications, such as manufactured parts inspection, robotics, autonomous vehicles, and virtual reality. The rapid advances in video-conferencing and interactive television further broaden possible applications of 3D imaging technologies.