Collaborative Research: The Role of Wind-Driven Transport in Shelf Productivity

博茨福这个合作项目由沿海海洋过程（CoOP）项目主持，涉及5个机构的11名研究人员，重点研究风力运输在陆架生产力中的作用。风驱动的大陆架是一个悖论，因为虽然它们的特点是由于营养物质向上流入光带而具有高生产力，但风强迫也通过海上运输和初级生产者的深层（限光）混合代表了消极的物理和生物控制。具体来说，沿中纬度东部海洋边界的上升流生态系统以风强迫和低营养水平的高生产力而闻名，并伴随着近海近地表浮游生物的运输。这组研究人员将进行一项跨学科的研究，以检查风力运输在加利福尼亚北部大陆架上的生产力中所起的作用。研究将集中在解释东部边界架上高产浮游生物系统响应风力运输的综合功能的关键过程，特别是确定这些过程对风强度和风强迫时间尺度的敏感性。工作还将确定营养物-浮游植物-浮游动物（NPZ）食物网的具体特征，这些特征在对风强迫变化的响应中导致或多或少的二次生产力。为了实施这项研究，部分工作将同时研究由风驱动的三维水循环以及浮游植物和浮游动物物种的大小结构分布。其他工作将研究控制初级生产的关键物理和生物过程，浮游动物种群的反应，以及浮游生物和营养物在强风驱动的大陆架和Bodega湾斜坡上的海上运输。一个综合的采样方案与适当的物理-生物模型相结合，旨在综合和指导野外工作。实地工作将包括固定站时间序列、船舶调查、漂流者释放和卫星遥感。现场工作分为两部分，一部分集中在博德加湾的系泊阵列上，另一部分涉及船舶调查和漂流者。系泊阵列强调跨大陆架环流的欧拉测量，也旨在解决上行/下行通量。调查和漂流者将重点放在水柱的变化上，特别是上升水离开系泊点时的成熟。通过将这些数据与卫星提供的天气测量数据和建模的综合方面相结合，该项目试图解决与风力驱动运输相关的所有重要过程。这有望解开由风力驱动的运输如何支持东部大陆架地区高水平生产力的悖论。该研究的这一特定部分涉及建模部分，其中包括物理（循环）和生物（浮游生物）建模目标。建模的第一个总体目标是整合和概括研究结果——制定一个模型，将物理和生物过程之间所有重要的动态联系整合在一起，这样所有的合作者都可以共同使用来自所有学科的数据和分析。第二个一般目标是开发越来越有效的模型，允许在可以在本地工作站上运行的模型中包含更复杂的动态。例如，排除大小或年龄结构也可能排除浮游生物系统中一些较强的非线性效应。

9910897BotsfordThis collaborative project, involving eleven investigators at five institutions is under the auspices of the Coastal Ocean Processes (CoOP) Program, and it focuses on the role of wind-driven transport in shelf productivity. Wind-driven continental shelves represent a paradox in that while they are characterized by high productivity due to upward fluxes of nutrients into the euphotic zone, wind forcing also represents negative physical and biological controls via offshore transport and deep (light-limiting) mixing of primary producers. Specifically, upwelling ecosystems along mid-latitude eastern boundaries of the ocean are well known for wind forcing and high productivity at lower trophic levels, with concomitant transport of near-surface plankton offshore. The group of researchers will conduct an interdisciplinary study to examine the roles that wind-driven transport plays in productivity over the shelf off northern California. Research will focus on key processes to explain the integrated functioning of highly productive planktonic systems over eastern boundary shelves in response to wind-driven transport, and specifically, to determine the sensitivity of these processes to both wind intensity and the time scales of wind forcing. Work will also identify specific features of the nutrient-phytoplankton-zooplankton (NPZ) food web that lead to greater or lesser secondary productivity in response to changes in wind forcing.To implement the study, part of the work will examine the 3-dimensional wind-driven circulation of water concurrently with size-structured distributions of phytoplankton and zooplankton species. Other efforts will study the key physical and biological processes that control primary production, zooplankton population responses, and offshore transport of plankton and nutrients over the strongly wind-driven shelf and slope off Bodega Bay. An integrated sampling scheme coupled with appropriate physical-biological models designed to synthesize and guide the fieldwork has been developed. The fieldwork will be comprised of fixed station time-series, ship surveys, drifter releases, and satellite remote sensing. There are two parts to the fieldwork - one focusing on the mooring array off Bodega Bay, and a second involving ship surveys and drifters. The mooring array places emphasis on eulerian measurements of cross-shelf circulation, aiming also to resolve up/downwelling fluxes. The surveys and drifters place emphasis on transformations in the water column, specifically the maturation of upwelled water as it moves away from the mooring site. By combining these data with the synoptic measurements available from satellites and the integrative aspects of the modeling, the project seeks to address all the important processes associated with wind-driven transport. This promises to unravel the paradox of how wind-driven transport supports high levels of productivity over eastern boundary shelf regions.This particular component of the study addresses the modeling component, which includes physical (circulation) and biological (plankton) modeling objectives. The first general objective of modeling is to integrate and generalize research results - to formulate a model that integrates all of the important dynamic links between the physical and biological processes in such a way that all of the collaborators can make joint use of data and analyses from all disciplines. The second general objective is to develop increasingly efficient models that allow the inclusion of more complex dynamics in models that can be run on local workstations. For example, the exclusion of size or age structure may also exclude some of the stronger non-linear effects in plankton systems.